The Battle Of Chancellorsville Campaign - 1640 Words

During the American Civil War, the United States was plagued with conflict, struggle, and copious amounts of spilled blood. Furthermore, countless battles were fought to decide the fate of slavery and the Union as a whole. However, one of these battles in particular, the Chancellorsville Campaign, should definitely be one of interest. Taking place after the â€Å"horror of Fredericksburg,† an event in which the Union Army of the Potomac failed to take the city of Fredericksburg, Virginia in 1862 (Bowery and Doss 27), the Chancellorsville campaign lasted from May 1 to May 5, 1863. It was an attempt by the Union to destroy the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia that resulted in disaster for both sides. (â€Å"Battle of Chancellorsville,† Brittanica) As a matter of fact, the Chancellorsville Campaign was such a significant development in the course of the Civil War that many happenings in this battle have affected both the rest of this era and the years beyond. To begin with, there were three men who played major roles in this battle, with the first being Robert Edward Lee, a Confederate general. Born on January 19, 1807, Lee was the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, the most capable army in the South. (â€Å"Robert E. Lee,† Brittanica) By Lee’s side was another Confederate general known as Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson. Indeed, Jackson was among the Civil War’s most skilled tacticians, earning the moniker â€Å"Stonewall† after his success at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861.Show MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The Union Line1631 Words   |  7 Pagesresembled a giant horseshoe around Chancellorsville. At approximately 5:30 a.m., Lee attacked the Union line from all three sides: Stuart, who had taken over for Jackson from the west, Anderson from the southeast, and McLaws from the east. Using their newly acquired ground at Hazel Grove as an artillery platform to support the assault, the Confederates b eat back the Union’s fierce resistance around Chancellorsville. At around 10 a.m. after the heaviest fighting of the battle, Hooker ordered his army toRead MoreAggression : The Export Of Violence927 Words   |  4 PagesWar. Lincoln optimized this in his closing line of the Gettysburg Address, â€Å"that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.† Several battles for both sides added to the attrition efforts and almost achieved a decisive victory but fell short. America felt the effects of battles on the home front and the political twisting that came with a war threatening our own land and well-being at home in a manner that wouldn’t be felt again for another 136 years. EvenRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1463 Words   |  6 Pagesvery tense time for American History. The Southern States were in a full scale rebellion from the Union now calling themselves The Confederate States of America. The previ ously unified nation was split into two opposing sides going head to head in a battle to the death, with no end in sight. Starting his career in the US military, Jackson continued on to become one of the most famous generals in the American Civil War. Many historians consider him not only a strong leader, but also one of the greatestRead MoreStonewall Jackson1557 Words   |  7 Pagesof our Founding Fathers and Christianity by attempting to create a new society that lacks order as well as cohesiveness† (Robertson xii). Jackson first made a name for himself as a Brigadier General in the battle First Bull Run in 1861. Also known as the Battle of Manassas, this was a battle in which the Confederates were blocking all routes, including railroads to Richmond. General Bernard Bee called out to his men to inspire them; â€Å"Look men! There is Jackson standing like a stone wall! Let usRead MoreThe Battle Of Gettysburg : War Of The Modern Age1948 Words   |  8 PagesThe University of West Alabama The Battle of Gettysburg War of the Modern Age HY 505-01 Leslie Jones Dr. Gentsch April 25, 2016 The Battle of Gettysburg I. Introduction II. Background Issues that made the South and North different General Lee General Meade III. Body The Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Somme IV. Conclusion The American Civil War began on April 12 1861. There are several reason that the Civil war began. The first reason was the major difference in the economicRead MoreSignificance Of The Battle Of Chancellorsville2029 Words   |  9 PagesSignificance of the Battle of Chancellorsville There have been few battles throughout history that have held an esteemed position of being unprecedented. Stephen Crane’s, The Red Badge of Courage, was able to capture the significance of the battle that occurred at Chancellorsville without specifically naming the battle. Crane’s description of the events of this battle led the readers to realize that The Red Badge of Courage took place at Chancellorsville. The Battle of Chancellorsville during the AmericanRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1110 Words   |  5 Pagesdefeat at Bull Run, Major General George McClellan was given command of the new Union Army of the Potomac. In early 1862, he shifted south to attack Richmond through the Peninsula. Moving slowly, he was forced to retreat after the Seven Days Battles. This campaign saw the rise of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. After beating a Union army at Manassas, Lee began to move north into Maryland. McClellan was sent to intercept and won a victory at Antietam on the 17th. Unhappy with McClellan s slow pursuitRead MoreAmerican History : The Battle Of Gettysburg1213 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History The Battle of Gettysburg The American Civil War is, to date, the bloodiest and the most real war in the eyes of American citizens, with every battle raging in American back yards and farm fields. This great war of ours holds battles such as Shiloh, Antietam, and Stones River all known for being exceptionally violent and casualty heavy. However, none of these can compare when it comes to the amount lives lost or importance to the outcome of the war itself as the Battle of Gettysburg; theRead MoreThe Life of Robert E Lee701 Words   |  3 Pageshe launched a campaign into Maryland wanting to get the attention of the war away from Virginia. Unfortunately for him, the plans of the attack were leaked and union general George McClellan faced Lee at the Battle of Antietam. Even though Lee no longer had surprise on his side, he managed to end the battle in a stalemate on September 17, 1862. Lee suffered heavy casualties, forcing him to withdraw. Throughout 1862, Lee fought to keep the North back even winning at Cha ncellorsville. Read More robert e. lee Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesCorp engineers. His devotion and hard work in supervising harbor improvements in Saint Louis got him promoted to Captain in 1838. As a captain, his first experience in actual battle was in the Mexican War. He served under General Winfield Scott, and was the best engineer in General Scotts campaign. Lees actions at the battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Chapultepec received many high praises and earned him a reputation. General Scott claimed that the success of the war was due to Lees bravery

Life Cycle And Its Energy Demand - 3563 Words

In this section I will be discussing the product’s life cycle and its energy demand, the electrical parts and other parts included in our disassembled product, how they were manufactured, what their uses are, the products energy efficiency along with its measurements and calculations, obsolescence technology and what happens after it, how can renewable energy be implemented into our product and its positive impact on it, the advantages and disadvantages of our product and finally recycling of motor and/or heating elements and how they affect the product. Life Cycle Energy Demand: According to the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) , it defines LCA as : â€Å"an objective process used to evaluate the environmental†¦show more content†¦1) The sole plate of the steam iron: This is usually the metal thick, triangular-shaped slab of iron that forms the base over which the electric iron is built up. The sole plate is cast of molten aluminium. Some part of the mould has the holes shaped in it which creates the holes that are essential in a steam iron. Heated metal is inserted into a mould under pressure then cooled and then released. This cooled sole-plate is later on treated in several ways where it’s firstly polished then either it’s: coated with a non-stick material, or covered with another metal (usually stainless steel). To complete these processes, the sole plates are put on a large automated carousel, which rotates through each step whereas to polish the plate, an automated belt sander uses bands of abrasive to polish and buff the plate. An automated spray-painting machine is used to apply the non-stick coating. After application, the sole plate is baked in an automated industrial process. On the other hand, to coat with another metal (stainless steel), the external metal cover is created by an

Strategy Formation and Strategic Change BarnesNoble and Amazon Free Essays

The business sector is becoming more competitive than ever before, and many establishments lean on marketing to stand above the rest, making comprehensive strategies essential to any organization. Under strategy comes two distinct terms, which are often interchanged: strategy formation and strategic change. How are they similar, or different? How are they similar or different in terms of two online reference store giants BarnesNoble and Amazon? Strategy Formation According to the Process of Strategy Formation (n. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategy Formation and Strategic Change: BarnesNoble and Amazon or any similar topic only for you Order Now d. ), strategy formation includes both planning and implementing the details of the strategy. It requires strategists to answer the what, when, where, why, and how of the strategy that they are brewing. There are two bullet points in forming a strategy: activities and roles. Strategy formation activities are the actions that strategists will undertake throughout the strategic implementation. This includes determining the objectives of the strategy, assessing the strategy, planning the actual strategic plan and implementing them. Roles refer to the person or groups of people who take charge on each aspect of the strategy, implementing and controllong them. When Amazon started out, it is generally an online book store, with side products that avid web visitors can buy occasionally. The idea, it seems, was to bring convenience to the reading web consumers. (Amazon. com, 2006) Barnes Noble on the other hand started out as an online â€Å"education system,† and courses were free. The book store phase comes when students start the class, as they are encouraged to buy the references from the site. The idea is to give free training, and sell books that students can use to maximize those trainings. (Barnesandnoble. com, 2006) Strategic Change Strategic change, on the other hand, is making an improvement or modifying an existing strategy. There are different reasons why strategies are modified, the most recurrent of which is the inefficacy of a strategy. From an online book shop with occasional gifts and extra items, Amazon now carries many consumer goods—from the pioneering items books, music, and movies, clothing, electronics, household items, even event registries. The strategic change was from an online bookstore into an online shopping site, yet the mission is still to bring convenience to Amazon’s consumers. (Amazon. com, 2006) BarnesNoble has adopted a similar strategic change, but it chose to stick with the writing-reading consumers in mind. The site, apart from the BN University which offers free courses now sells books, stationeries, pens, and other gifts that writers and readers, as well as their friends, can appreciate. There is still the occasional stray items not intended for writers or readers, like toys and playthings and outdoor equipment, but they do not affect the general feel that BarnesNoble was created with a specific market in mind. (Barnesandnoble. com, 2006) The two organizations’ strategy formations were different—one opted to be a store while the other started out as an online school. However, they both had readers and writers as their costumers in mind. The strategic change, however, was a little bit similar as both sites branched out to selling more than books. The strategic change differed with the type of items that each site chose to sell. In the end, Amazon and BarnesNoble’s strategy were based on their target markets, explaining why they were similar and different in their own respects. While BN tried to touch base with their reading and writing customers, Amazon hoped to reach not just this market, but more. References Process of Strategy Formation. (n. d. ). Strategy Formation Chapter 3, 105-162. Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://userwww. sfsu. edu/~bheiman/DMch3. pdf#search=’process%20of%20strategy%20formation’ Barnesandnoble. com. (2006). Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www. barnesandnoble. com/index. asp? z=y Amazon. com. (2006). Retrieved July 20, 2006, from http://www. amazon. com/gp/homepage. html/ref=topnav_gw_gw/102-2681851-9996929 How to cite Strategy Formation and Strategic Change: BarnesNoble and Amazon, Papers

Lack Of Employee Motivation Due To High Stress Level †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Lack Of Employee Motivation Due To High Stress Level. Answer: Introduction The element of employee motivation is believed to have direct impact upon the performance within an organization. With high levels of motivation that are managed by the employees, there seems to have direct impact on to the capability of individual employees on their ability to work under stress. As most of the modern days business organizations are dependent upon high level of employee performance, employees have to deal with high levels of challenges that often create the environment of stress. High stress level also seems to have direct impact on the personal life of an employee. The higher level of stress seems to generate psychological and behavioral misbalance within an individual, thereby increasing the risks of mental disease. As the employee is not able to provide the expected level of performance due to stress, it is not possible to generate higher levels of motivation (Sonnentag and Fritz 2015). In the given context the aim of the current project is to explore the stress related problems at various workplaces, which ultimately leads to lower and poor quality of performance. The research will use definite protocols that are needed to collect relevant information and analyze the causes of stress within the workplace environment. Objectives To explore the cause of high level of stress at workplaces To explore the cause of low motivation levels due to high stress levels To recommend the ways that are needed to deal with high levels of stress and improve motivation levels Research Questions What are the causes of high level of stress at different work places? How high level of stress can lower the employee motivation levels? What are the recommendations that are needed to deal with high levels of stress and improve motivation level? Literature Review Hindrance and Saturation are often the cause of job stress According to the work of Wood and Michaelides (2016), high levels demand in the job profile is highly common in all globalized corporation of todays world. The model of job demand control support model has been used to identify the cause stress. The model explains with the fact that in order to reduce the overall expenditure of an organization. This generates extra work load on the limited number of existing workers within an organization. Sawhney et al. (2017), have added about the elements of crisis in the labor market, which enforces many organizations to recruit workers at much lower pay scale. Hence, there is a high level of gap between the demand and supply of skilled workers. This is believed to be one of the major hindrances in providing high quality performance. Moreover, as the existing workforces are often burdened with high levels of pressure, there is high level of risk job saturation. As the HR policies are not modified in many multinational workforces, there are high l evels of risk of employee saturation. This is mostly due to the fact that new skills are not incorporated within the employees that are required to deal with the new business demands within the workforce. Understanding the cause of employee situation is highly crucial in the given context.Human resource management of an organization needs to understand the potential of every employee in order to get the best level of performance according to their capability. As the demand levels of the skills within the workforce are increasing, the employees are not able to improve upon their skills to deal with the challenges of excessive work pressure. The saturation level within the workforce is dependent demand levels of the market. With high levels of competitor demand within the market, most of the business organizations are forced to focus upon the customer base service. Nevertheless, if an industry becomes saturated, the workforces under the marketing jobs are often de-motivated due to the limited growth opportunity. This is mainly due to the lack of innovative opportunity that is responsible for lack of career growth opportunity (De Gieter et al. 2017). Relation Between emotional intelligence and job stress Wan et al. (2014), have highlighted the elements of emotional intelligence that is considered to be highly essential for dealing with the issues of job stress. The emotional aspects of an individual can vary greatly depending upon the workplace environment. Other than the income levels and other salary related parameters, the mental satisfaction of an individual plays a significant role in the matters of dealing with the job stress. Few of the essential elements of mental satisfaction include that of self-esteem level of the employees, social bonding level of the employees along with the self-competence levels. Hence, with high level of social bonding with the workplace employees, it is possible to deal with the issues of high stress level. The matter of emotional intelligence will have major impact that will be necessary in the given context. Karimi et al. (2014), have mentioned about the fact that higher levels of job stress can be dealt with the elements of healthy job place environment. In most of the cases, it is important to ensure that the physical illness and high level of stress can be dealt with healthy workplace environment. It is also the duty of thehuman resource management to imply the protocol that can help to deal with the mental and emotional issues within the workplace. The employees having higher levels of emotional intelligence are believed to have ability of dealing with high levels of job stress. Large scale multinational organizations often suppose to have facility to provide the training of improving the emotional intelligence level of the employees. This can be achieved by holding regular discussion and meeting session within the employees. This can provide the opportunity to the employees to de velop upon the interpersonal relationship with their colleagues. Short-term training program can also be given to the employees about the mental and psychological strategies that can be implemented to deal with high job stress levels. Yamani et al. (2014), have mentioned about the five major components of emotional intelligence that can be implemented by the workforce. The primary element in the given context consists that of self-awareness. Here, the employees need to have the ability to identify their individual strengths and weaknesses. This can therefore help the employee to perform upon their individual capability with higher quality and self-confidence. Higher level of self-awareness can help the employees to have the ability to realize the current situation and act accordingly. There are also the elements of self-regulation that are needed for controlling the disruptive behavior. It is quite often that an employee is not able to control their internal emotional feelings during the time of facing high level of stress. With the ability of self-regulation, it is possible for an individual to gain the trust level of the employees. This is followed by the element of internal motivation, where an employee has to look for external rewards. This can be the major source of motivation of all employees as they are able to get proper forms of respect that are needed for the same. The success of every employee also depends upon their ability to understand and co-ordinate with the co-workers. With the element of empathy it is possible for an individual to understand the need and challenges encountered by their co-workers. This element is highly essential in culturally diverse workplace. With high level of empathy it is possible to deal with the communication gap that exists between employees of different culture. Final accounts the element of social skills, which can help to develop interpersonal relationship between workers of an organization. Few of the major hallmarks of effective social skills include ability to motivate other employees and share high level of expertise to the workers. Effect of leadership on employee stress and burnout With frequent changes that occurred in the style of working across various industries, the role of organizational leaders play a significant role in deciding upon the adaptive ability of the leaders. Harms et al. (2017), have mentioned about the importance of transformational leadership that are highly required in the given context. Providing proper information to every employee within the organization is considered to be the primary role of the leader. This can help every employee to deal with the challenge of organizational change that is considered to be the major cause of occupational stress. The level of occupational stress is considered to be directly proportional to the inability of an employee to adapt with organizational change. It is also dependent upon the risk factors that are associated in job profile of every industry. Lack of accomplishment at workplace and less participation in decision making process can also lower the self-motivation level of an employee. It is the duty of an effective leader to deal with the overall challenge of maintaining equality within the workplace and ensure participation of every worker before implementation of the essential decisions. Burnout is considered to be the extreme effect of occupational stress that is caused due to long term neglection. This is mainly common in hectic job profile like the Healthcare sector and disastermanagement industry. As the workers not only have to deal with high level of stress, additional health risk that are involved in the job profile can cause the burnout type of experience. Research Methodology The section of research methodology provides guidelines and protocol to the investigators that need to be followed in order to collect essential information relevant to the project (Panneerselvam 2014). This will be later analyzed using the particular methods of data analysis. The investigators need to choose the research methods depending upon the requirement of particular project. The types of data that are collected also depend on the process research methods. The following section will provide the detail description of the types of research strategies that can be chosen by the researchers (Neuman and Robson 2014). The justification for choosing each particular type of method for the research work of job stress and motivation will also be given in the particular section. The overall systematic plan of the project can also be included in the research methodology section that will highlight upon the protocol. It will also provide the ethical strategies that need to be followed by the researchers in order to ensure full authenticity of the final work that can be used for future references. Research Philosophy There are general two types of research philosophy that can be followed for any of the given research work. The positivism philosophy is believed to be exam the real facts and evidence that are directly related to the research problems. For this type of philosophy the investigators mostly depends on the primary forms of data collection (Sekaran and Bougie 2009). This is quite effective in making up of logical analysis that is ultimately needed to make up accurate conclusion. There is also the interpretivism philosophy that is needed to deal with the human perspective in the matter of any research project (Sarantakos 2012). The subject area of the chosen research work being related to employee stress out, it is important to choose the interpretivism philosophy. This will help to ensure that the researchers will get the detailed data related to the feedbacks of the employees. Here, it is also essential to apply the positivism philosophy that is needed to analyze the real facts about job stress and employee motivation. Research approach In the given research work the investigators can apply Inductive and deductive style of research approach. The deductive approach mainly aims to obtain knowledge from the existing information related to the research work. Essential data also collected from the literature review and past research work of the relevant research. On the other hand, there is also the inductive approach, which aims to identify new theories that are related to the research work. This will help to explain the new challenges and research problem (Quinlan 2011). For the given research work the investigators will approach for the deductive method, which will help to ensure that most of the important information related to the research work are properly analyzed in order to draw conclusions for the future. Researchers can also use the inductive theory in order to formulate new method to deal with the existing issues within the human resource management. Additional information can also weekend with the help of inductive approach. Research Design For choosing the Research Design there are three types of options available for the investigators. There is exploratory Research Design, where the researchers evaluate the given information without properly judging the negative and positive consequence of the same. On the other hand the exploratory Research Design only considers the psychological aspect (Bryman and Bell 2011). It is important to have a formal set of objective and Research question in order to apply both explanatory our exploratory Research Design. On the other hand, the descriptive research method analyses the internal consequence of the research problem and therefore aims to identify the root cause of the same (Quinlan 2011). For the given research work of occupational stress and workplace motivation choosing of descriptive Research Design will help to ensure then both positive and negative aspect of the research work are being evaluated. Descriptive Research Design will also analyze the relevant case studies related to human resource management. Sampling methods Choosing the proper sample is highly essential for all given research work in order to collect authentic and relevant data. In general, there are two types of sampling method that can be applied in every research word for proper data collection. While applying probability sampling method, the investigators choose the samples for the respondents of data collection in a random method from the chosen group of population. The major advantage of this type of Sampling is there is no chance of any form of biases that are being applied in the applied in data collection process. Moreover, the investigators get opportunity to collect data from wide diverse range of population (Saunders and Lewis 2012). There is also the method of non-probability sampling, where the source of Data Collection is being predetermined. Find the given research work, investigators will conduct survey from hundred respondents who are the employees worker across various sectors. Sample will be chosen in random method in order to ensure that there is no form of biasness and wide diverse range of data can be collected related to the experience of the employees in job stress. Research Strategy The research strategy of the project will be chosen based upon the research objectives and problem area (Taylor et al. 2015). For the given research work it will be appropriate to conduct both survey and interview in order to collect essential information related to employee feedback. This will help the investigators to get idea about the level of stress that are being encountered at the workplace. The interview data will be required in order to collect detail data from every experienced employee about their encounter in stress related activities. This can also help the researchers to get idea about the intervention strategies that are implemented to deal with high level of stress. Data collection methods There are two types of Data Collection method that can be employed in all type of research work. Primary research work the investigators collect the information directly from the sample through survey and interview (Palinkas et al. 2015). This data can be further analyzed using quantitative method, where numeric data are calculated using statistical tools and represented in the form of table charts or graphs. It is important to choose a particular population for the given mode of data analysis. The major advantage of primary data analysis is due to the fact that the investigator will get the opportunity to directly interact with the sample and get the latest information related to research project (Palinkas et al. 2015). In the given research work survey and interview will be collected from 100 employees across different sectors. This will help them to get idea about the latest consequence of stress and occupational Burnout experience of the workers across different sectors. It will also help to get idea about the sector, where most number of employees is experiencing work pressure and stress. There is also the case of secondary data collection, where most information is being collected from previously conducted research work. For this current project the investigator will collect data from the previously conducted research related to occupational stress and employee motivation. Ethical Issues As the current research work is related to human case, it is important to consider ethical issues that will help to ensure that the result of the research work is validated and can be used for future purpose. Proper consent also needs to be taken from the chosen sample, from where survey and interviewer being conducted. After the collected data is analyzed and published, the investigators need to ensure that the identity of the survey and the interview participants are kept anonymous. This will help to ensure that no private and classified information about any individual are leaked in the public domain (Mulvey 2015). Before final publishing of the data in the final research article the same has to be verified from proper authority. Hence, there will be no doubt about the authenticity of the information and can be used for future reference purpose. References Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. De Gieter, S., Hofmans, J. and Bakker, A.B., 2017. Need Satisfaction at Work, Job Strain, and Performance: A Diary Study. Harms, P.D., Cred, M., Tynan, M., Leon, M. and Jeung, W., 2017. Leadership and stress: A meta-analytic review. The leadership quarterly, 28(1), pp.178-194. Karimi, L., Leggat, S.G., Donohue, L., Farrell, G. and Couper, G.E., 2014. Emotional rescue: The role of emotional intelligence and emotional labour on well?being and job?stress among community nurses. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(1), pp.176-186. Lim, W.M. and Ting, D.H., 2012. Research methodology: a toolkit of sampling and data analysis techniques for quantitative research. Mulvey, G.J., 2015. Ethics in research. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(3), pp.477-479. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2014. Basics of social research. Pearson Canada. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N. and Hoagwood, K., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544. Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Quinlan, C., 2011. Business Research Methods. Cengage Learning EMEA. Hampshire. Quinlan, C., 2011. Business Research Methods. Thoman Rennie, South Western Cengage learning. Hampshire United Kingdom. Sarantakos, S., 2012. Social research. Palgrave Macmillan. Saunders, M.N. and Lewis, P., 2012. Doing research in business management: An essential guide to planning your project. Pearson. Sawhney, G., Jennings, K.S., Britt, T.W. and Sliter, M.T., 2017. Occupational Stress and Mental Health Symptoms: Examining the Moderating Effect of Work Recovery Strategies in Firefighters. Journal of occupational health psychology. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2009. Research Methods for BusinessA Skill Building Approach. ISBN (pbk): 978-0-470-74479-6. Sonnentag, S. and Fritz, C., 2015. Recovery from job stress: The stressor?detachment model as an integrative framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(S1). Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Wan, H.C., Downey, L.A. and Stough, C., 2014. Understanding non-work presenteeism: Relationships between emotional intelligence, boredom, procrastination and job stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, pp.86-90. Wood, S.J. and Michaelides, G., 2016. Challenge and hindrance stressors and wellbeing-based worknonwork interference: A diary study of portfolio workers. human relations, 69(1), pp.111-138. Yamani, N.I.K.O.O., Shahabi, M.A.R.Y.A.M. and Haghani, F.A.R.I.B.A., 2014. The relationship between emotional intelligence and job stress in the faculty of medicine in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of advances in medical education professionalism, 2(1), p.20.

Mason Robbins Essays (691 words) - Americas, American Folklore

Mason Robbins Mrs.gray Per 1 9/4/17 CHAPTER 5 Section 1 1)SETTLERS PUSH WEST (A)The white settlers started buying land below the native Americans feet because the natives believed that land couldn't be bought,so they never bought any of it. (B)The lure of silver and gold brought a lot more whites into the area so the natives had to leave.The whites basically pushed them out. 2)THE GOVERNMENT RESTRICTS NATIVE AMERICANS (A)The government started putting in railroads inside of the plains in which the natives lived (B)The Bozeman trail was made in the middle of the Sioux hunting grounds 3)BLOODY BATTLES CONTINUE (A)General Philip Sheridan ordered his army "to destroy their village and ponies" (B)A gold rush started happening and the whites started expanding to the black hills 4)THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS ASSIMILATION (A)"The daws acts" tried making native Americans "American" and broke up the reservations (B)"The Americans started killing buffalo for sport 5)CATTLE BECOMES BIG BUSINESS (A)Because if the depleting amount of buffalo the native Americans were forced to raise cattle and horses (B)The Americans needed a lot more cows because of the rising demand for them 6)A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A COWBOY (A)Being a cowboy is hard and they worked 10-14 hours a day on a ranch 7)THE END OF THE OPEN RANGE (A)The grass was being overgrazed quickly and the cattle industry "met its end" section 2 8)SETTLERS MOVE WESTWARD TO FARM (A)From 1862-1900(38 years) 600,000 families moved to the west,which means less land 9)SETTLERS MEET THE CHALLENGES OF THE PLAINS (A)The settlers faced droughts,floods,fires,blizzards,locust plagues,and the occasional raid by outlaws and native Americans (B)The houses/Sod style homes where dark and they attracted snakes,insects and other pests (C)being on the flat prairie people had to become super self-sufficient (D)They had to make everything they used and It probably wasn't an easy task (E)The settlers that lived in the prairie "worked year in and year out" (F)The farmers went into a lot of debt especially the large crop farmers because it was harder to switch the crop you could grow depending on the demand Section 3 10)FARMERS UNITE TO ADDRESS COMMON PROBLEMS (A)Money value shifted so the farmers were making less money (B)Transporting grain was quite the expense and it was getting harder for farmers to pay the fee 11)THE RISE AND FALL OF POPULISM (A)The price of silver plunged causing silver mines to close down and over 15,000 business men and 500 banks collapsed (B)populists watched as the two major political parties became decided in a struggle between different regions and economic interests Two paragraphs about the problems 1)A major problem I see was when the "Americans" started buying land.The Native Americans weren't doing anything about it because they believed it was wrong to buy/own land.Since the native Americans couldn't stand up for themselves the Americans bought most of the land.When the railroads startled coming in,it was put right in the middle of the reservations.The Americans started taking up all the land and it wasn't theirs to take.Overall I think the Americans could have been a lot more generous and kind to the natives. 2)Another major problem is the farming industry.So many people moved to get rich through framing,but this didn't happen for most people.A lot of farmers would mortgage their farm to buy more land,which isn't the smartest choice because of variation.The smaller farms were easier to handle and could make different crops quicker but the large farms where hard to change the crops Willy nilly.The problem with this is that a lot of people were doing this and it wasn't very smart.You should not follow what others people are doing cause sometime no one knows what the right way is.

Share Your Skills with Schools †and Get Paid!

Share Your Skills with Schools – and Get Paid! Writers like you possess special, sought-after skills. You have gold dust to offer! Literacy ranks high on school agendas, and teachers often find creative writing a stumbling block. No wonder that many schools gladly pay experts to come in and inspire their youngsters. Could this be you? I’ve been running workshops in schools for years, and find them an ideal accompaniment to writing. Not only can they provide a healthy income boost, but the work is enjoyable too, and the children’s enthusiasm fires up my own.   It’s a win-win all around! Promotion Opportunities What’s more, school visits provide excellent promotional opportunities. If you have a book to sell, mention it to the schools you approach, with price and links, and take an armful along on every visit, whether for children or staff. If its a kids book, ask your school if they can notify parents in advance, so their children can bring requisite money. I sell lots of books this way. A discount helps, and for a further incentive, I set a simple price requiring minimal coins or notes for child-handling. Fee Fees widely vary. Set it low to start with and build up. I’ve reduced mine to about $200 plus travel to accommodate tightening school budgets in the UK; your schools may have more funds. You might like to apply to an agency or organization that specializes in such appearances, and let them arrange everything. In any case, agency websites provide useful information, including an insight into the range of workshop content authors offer. Here are a few to browse (selected and listed randomly), in Canada, the US and the UK: 1. Writers’ Federation of Nova Scotia, Writers in the Schools Program: http://writers.ns.ca/programs/writers-schools-wits.html 2. Seattle Arts Lectures: Writers and Schools, https://www.lectures.org/wits/writers_n_schools.php 3. Writers in the Schools, Houston: http://witshouston.org/ 4. Pen/Faulkner Foundation, Washington DC, Writers in Schools: penfaulkner.org/writers-in-schools/wins-blog/ 5. Authors Abroad, UK: authorsabroad.com An online search under â€Å"authors for schools† will reveal many others in these countries and around the world. Boost Your Bookings To earn more, consider widening your age range or content. I drew fresh interest Fit to Suit Fit your bookings round your writing, using the lulls in one to take advantage of the other. Opportunities may be intermittent at schools as their diaries fill fast and even big budgets run dry sometimes, or you might be between book releases. Here are few tips to see you on your way: Arrangements: Confirm booking details in writing, including content (poetry/story-writing/drama/journalism) and fee. Lesson plan: Prepare a mix of activities to keep kids on board, including some physical ones like artwork, singing, drama, or an outdoor performance, depending on age, space, time and facilities. In the classroom: You’ll have a staff member with you, so don’t panic! Keep calm, and maintain a lively pace. If you enjoy it, they will as well. Working with children: Check requirements in your area for working with children. You may need a criminal history record check to confirm you are eligible. Oh, and one more thing: Get a good night’s sleep before that alarm goes off! Children are energetic!

Compare and contrast the different conception Essay

Compare and contrast the different conception - Essay Example However, there are more profound explanations and awareness that karma includes and this also varies in the three religions of Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism that all adopt it. The similarities among these important religions as well as their differences give a more insightful explanation of the different dogmas that they carry. Yuvraj Krishan writes that there are three essential features of karma. First, it is an ethical law where good would yield happiness and evil will generate suffering. Second, the soul through the person who does an act has moral responsibility over its consequences and in this sense it has the effect of retributive justice. Third, justice in the second feature is carried through punarjanma or rebirth. This is the most appropriate religious explanation on why there is inequality in the world and why some men had to suffer more from others (3). It is an effect of karma that a person may be born of a lower stature in life or even be reborn as an animal or some other life form as a consequence of karma he had amassed in his past life. Thus, one who has not merited what equates to eternal life will be reborn time and again until he reaches being worthy of such state. In Jainism, the concept of karman is refined where the mind is a product thereof. The tapas or austerity is an important aspect that is considered to be material such that it can be exhausted. â€Å"It is a consequence of the material character of the karmas that intent is not the only ingredient in committing a lapse or offence; the Jainas recognize unintentional lapses† ( Krishan 50). The Jainas are stricter in their observance of the right conduct. They practice penance as the ordinary course of life and this is the most distinguishing feature of Jainism from Hinduism and Buddhism. There are five practices in Jainism that are different for monks and for laymen. For monks they are called mahavratas consisting of what

Economic Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Analysis - Research Paper Example If we consider the production function where Q is the level of output, then Q = F (K, L) output is a function of both capital and labour, however to determine the optimum level of output that will maximize profit we will have to consider the cost of one unit of labour and one unit of capital and further consider the budgeted amount. Given that the cost of one unit of labour is 5 pounds and that the cost of one unit of capital is ten pounds and that our budget for both costs is 100 pounds then our optimum point will be determined as follows. The maximum amount of capital that can be purchased is 100/10 = 10 and the maximum amount of labour that can be purchased is 100/5 = 20, this information will help us determine the budget line. The next thing to consider is the isoquant, isoquant are curves that depict the possible output that is derived from two factors of productions which in this case are capital and labour The isoquant depicts the level of output that can be produced by different combinations of capital and labour, we determine the most optimum combination of capital and labour by determining the point where the budget line touches the isoquant, and therefore our most optimum levels of capital is C' and for labour its L' as shown above. Therefore the information that we need to collect is the unit cost of both capital and labour and the budgeted amount so as to determine the budget line and also we need information that will help us determine the isoquant. Question 2A When determining on what to produce either cooking pans or sinks we need to determine the cost of producing in terms of capital and labour for each item and also the market price of each item, given that the level of capital and labour are fixed in this case then we have to determine the optimum level of output for both products. This analysis will take the form of the consumer utility maximizing function where there exist two products, the utility function will represent the revenue collected by the firm and the two products which the consumer chooses will represent the two products produced by the firm. Example If in total we have 200 units of resources (both capital and labour) and that one sink requires 10 units of resources and one cooking pan requires 5 units of resources, then the maximum units of sink that can be produced is 200/10 = 20 and for the cooking pans is 200/ 5 = 40, The revenue curve will be determined by the market price of both products, it combines the possible amount of revenue that can be obtained by different combinations of cooking pans and sinks, the additional information needed therefore is the market price for both products and the amount of resources needed to produce each product. Question 2B In the long run the firm will tend to expand its production capacity in order to produce the optimum amount of both products, when the firm increases its capacity more products will be produced in order to realise economies of scale, however the average cost of production for the firm will decrease in the short run but will increase in the long run The long run and short run average cost curve The average cost curve will decrease in

Certificate of Need (CON) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Certificate of Need (CON) - Case Study Example The CON is crucial in the clinical setting in that it evaluates the competing interests and boost economic value. Without the CON, it is evident that the health care environment would be a free market with open competition. Challenges would emerge when making decisions and expanding medical services. As an outside consultant, I seek to evaluate the diversity issues in this case study and their impact in the clinical setting. The advantage of this position is that it lays a strong ground to be open-minded when giving out the solutions on what should be done to enhance quality care. However, the main challenge is that one does not have the power to make decisions that affects the organization. With this, the chief administrator would be in a better position to oversee what is going on in the organization and implement decisions that enhance the organization’s success. Diversity Issues and their impact The case in consideration is the open heart surgery, which is a highly profita ble service that profits Pennsylvania. From 1996-1997 to 2007-2009, Pennsylvania increased the number of hospitals offering open heart surgery. Despite the progress made, the number of procedures made in the state decreased by 37%. The change attributed to less usage of clinical facilities, skilled surgical teams, and cardiothoracic surgeons. The issue was so severe that it contributed to the termination of three hospitals, which are Medical College of Pennsylvania, Episcopal Hospital, and Graduate Hospital. The main question that emerges from this case is why so many open heart programs would be launched despite the face of declining market. Major Problems and Issue In my opinion, open heart programs would be launched because they bring profit to the organization. As previously mentioned, open heart surgery is a highly profitable service that supports many hospitals. Nevertheless, opening many heart programs in the face of declining market would lead to economic depression. Most ho spitals may not be in a position to meet their financial goals and objectives. The machines used on these programs are costly. Thus, it is important to understand the market before launching or adding them. This would prevent economic problems that eventually may hinder the successful running of the organization (Jonas, & Kovner, 2011). Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses Although the new programs were justified to bring income, the truth of the matter is that there was no market analysis conducted prior to launching the programs. The organization fails to recognize the negative effects that would emerge from launching open heart programs in the face of the declining market. As documented in the case study, the change of these programs resulted into less efficient utilization of clinical facilities and highly skilled surgical teams. In other words, it affected the entire work performance and productivity of the organization. Because of economic depression caused by programs laun ched, the Philadelphia experienced a number of changed such as the closure of three known hospitals. Alternatives and Resolution To rationalize the number of programs in an open and free market I would embrace the CON in effort to increase the access of many hospitals to use the programs. The CON would help to improve quality in major health care services, and in turn this would boost the planning and resource development of the hospital. The services I would recommend this organization to embrace in the CON is preparing, revising, and reviewing rules and regulation for the analysis of medical services application. It is also important to conduct special studies and projects on the major k health issues with special improvement in the

Parrallel Universe Theory

Parrallel Universe Theory Today, astronomers can see out to a distance of approximately 42 billion light-years, our cosmic visual horizon, and we have no reason to believe that the universe ends there (Physics for Dummies, 2011). There exists the possibility that there are an infinite number of domains beyond our own. The majority of cosmologists today agree with the concept of a multiverse where the same laws of physics apply in all domains, but some dare to take the notion even further. Some physicians believe in the existence of infinite parallel universes with different laws of physics, alternate histories and other dimensions than ours (Science Universe, 2012). With this essay, I aim to pursue the parallel universe theory in order to determine its validity outside the realm of science-fiction. I will explore the justifications for it as well as the criticisms against it by consulting the theories of various cosmologists and quantum physicians. The ultimate reason for this pursuit is to determine whether or not the theory of parallel universes can be considered as an indisputable scientific fact or should rather remain in the world of fiction. Before proceeding, I need to state the limitations and scope of this paper and clearly disclose the structure in which the subject matter will be discussed. Firstly, I will define a parallel universe and provide some background information on the subject, as will be applicable to the essays content. Secondly, I will identify the theories that support the idea of parallel universes and organise them according to a cosmological or quantum physics perspective. Thirdly, I will identify the theories that criticise the idea of parallel universes and again organise them according to a cosmological or quantum physics perspective. Lastly, after analyzing both schools of thought, I will conclude my findings and determine if parallel universes are indeed fact or fiction. Part 1: Parallel Universes: Definition and Background To understand the concept of a parallel universe, one must first define the umbrella term it falls under, namely a multiverse. The multiverse theory claims that our universe is not the only one of its kind and that there exists many universes parallel to one another (The Theory of Parallel Universes, 2011). The universes that exist within this multiverse are called parallel universes. These multiple universes consist of everything and anything that can exist in matter, time, energy and space (The Theory of Parallel Universes, 2011). Other terms that are used to refer to parallel universes include quantum universes, alternative universes, alternative realities or parallel worlds. The following paragraphs will give an overview of some scientific theories on parallel universes in order to give an understanding of the argument and the logic that supports the notion. We will first look at the argument as approached from a cosmological perspective. According to Ellis (2011), if the universe and the possible histories that take place within it are infinite and the number of types of DNA-based beings are finite, then this infinite universe will contain an infinite amount of copies of these finite DNA-based beings. He goes on to say that, given this argument, some of these living beings will inevitably follow very similar lines of history (Ellis, 2011). In lay terms, when given the prospect of an infinite amount of histories combined with finite types of living beings, these histories will repeat to infinitum. However, Soler Gil and Alfonseca (2013) do not agree that if there are an infinite amount of possible histories, that these histories will necessarily be repeated in parallel universes. They state that given this scenario, the amount of histories will always be greater than the number of living beings, therefore if these beings are infinitely repeated they will still experience different histories (Soler Gil and Alfonseca, 2 013). Given this brief background overview, it is evident that the scientific community is still heavily divided on the notion of the existence of parallel universes. We will now continue by evaluating more detailed descriptions of theories that promote and refute the existence of parallel universes. For the purpose of this paper, we will only draw from the fields of cosmology and quantum physics. Part 2: Theories that promote the Existence of Parallel Universes Quantum physics is the science that attempts to explain phenomena which cannot be explained by the regular laws of science and physics. The parallel universe theory was first formulated in 1956 by Hugh Everett. Everett formulated this theory in an attempt to substantiate his belief that every probable outcome of any decision we make, does actually happen. He claimed that even though we may choose option A in this universe, we will choose option B in a parallel universe (Everett, 1956). Everetts theory is relatively new to the history of physics but it has already become a popular and controversial topic in the scientific community. This proposal was coined the Many-Worlds Interpretation. It essentially states that any object can be in any state at any time in a different parallel universe (Everett, 1956). This implies that the wavefunction of a state of being does not collapse at the moment of observation (like we observe in the Double-Slit Experiment later in the paper), but rather continues to evolve in a deterministic manner while simultaneously embracing all its possibilities (Everett, 1956). Everett (1956) notes that even though every possible outcome does exist simultaneously, they do not interfere with one another due to the fact that we are unable to observe these alternate realities. The Cosmological Perspective Max Tegmark, a well known modern cosmologist, states that if space is indeed infinite and inhabited by a finite number of living beings, then there is bound to be some identical occurrences that take place in different universes (Tegmark, 1997). Tegmark goes on to make use of a mathematical equation to calculate the probable distance of our nearest doppelgà ¤nger at any given time. His answer being approximately 1010115 meters. This theory coincides with a fundamental conjecture of cosmology, namely that the universe exists beyond the scope of our observation. Tegmark formulated a categorisation that recognizes four different levels of the multiverse where each level builds on the previous one. Tegmark (1997) refers to the first level as the level Beyond our Cosmological Horizon. This refers to an infinite universe that contains Hubble volumes that concern themselves with realising all primary conditions. Tegmark (1997) states that an infinite universe will necessarily contain an infinite amount of Hubble volumes that are subjected to the same physical laws. Given this precedent, there are bound to be Hubble volumes that have identical configurations to ours in some universes. This statement is rooted in the cosmological principle that states that we do not possess a unique Hubble volume. The second level concerns Universes with Different Physical Constants (Tegmark, 1997). He coins these universes as bubble universes and claims that our universe is just one of many bubble universes in existence. Tegmark (1997) then builds on the cosmic inflation theory in order to justify his argument that although the multiverse is infinitely stretching, there are some regions that cease to stretch. Once they become stationery, they form bubbles that may possess differing physical constants. The third level is an expression of the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Tegmark, 1997). One feature of quantum mechanics is that there is no observation that can be predicted with absolute certainty, but there is rather a range of probable observations. By applying this feature to the many-worlds interpretation, one can deduce that each probable observation should be compatible with a different universe. Tegmark (1997) explains that the difference between level one and level three is that in level one our doppelgà ¤ngers reside in a three-dimensional space whereas in level three they reside in an infinite-dimensional space. The fourth level is referred to as the Ultimate Ensemble or the Mathematical Universe Hypothesis (Tegmark, 1997). He claims that due to mathematics abstract nature, one can use a mathematical structure to prove just about any Theory of Everything (Tegmark, 1997). Given this statement, one can describe any imaginable parallel universe at level four and include all other ensembles by simply using mathematics. By doing so, one will bring an end to the multiverse hierarchy and eliminate any probability of the existence of a fifth level. Even though Tegmark does utilise some characteristics of quantum mechanics to promote the existence of parallel universes, he is fundamentally a cosmologist. There is, however, another physician that uses the field of quantum physics more extensively in this pursuit. In the next section we will evaluate Brian Greenes argument for the existence of parallel universes from a quantum physics perspective. The Quantum Physics Perspective Before discussing Greenes application of quantum physics to promote the existence of parallel universes, we first need to recognize three observations about quantum physics. Firstly, energy has the ability to travel through space without having the need to cover the superseding distance (Physics for Dummies, 2011). This means that energy and quantum particles possess the ability to exist in more than one place at a time. This observation is clearly fundamental for the substantiation of the parallel universe theory from a quantum physics perspective. Secondly, all quantum particles exist in different places at any given time, even though we are unable to see them (Physics for Dummies, 2011). Given this observation, there is a possibility that doppelgà ¤ngers may exist in different locations. Thirdly, quantum particles are influenced by the practice of observation when we observe them (Physics for Dummies, 2011), which plays an important role later in the paper when we discuss the Dou ble-Slit Experiment. Greene attempts to comprehend the origin of multiverses by utilising string theory. String theory speculates that the universe can be described in terms of small strings that vibrate in ten or eleven different dimensions that we are unable to see (Greene, 2011). Greene (2011) claims that string theory not only includes strings but also objects that resemble two-dimensional membranes. He goes on to suggest that we may be living on one of these two-dimensional surfaces and that other surfaces may be floating around us in space. This claim is currently without any emprirical evidence, but Green (2011) says that this can be tested in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. If Greenes hypothesis is correct, then when particles are slammed together in the LHC, debris can be emitted off of our membrane surface and into the greater cosmos where our membrane is floating. This loss of debris will take away some amount of energy in our universe. We can then measure the amount of energy and com pare it to the amount that was present before the collision. If there is found to be less energy afterwards, it would indicate that some energy had been launched into the greater cosmos (Greene, 2011). This particular outcome of the experiment will prove that Greenes hypothesis is correct. However, until this experiment at CERN takes place and is found to be successful, Greenes hypothesis remains pure speculation. Part 3: Theories that refute the Existence of Parallel Universes The Cosmological Perspective Cosmologist, Paul Davies, is a firm believer that notions of parallel universes belong in the realm of scientific philosophy and not in physics. Even though all cosmologists accept the existence of other regions that we are not able to observe, most of them do not deduce the existence of infinite universes from this precedent. Davies addresses the topic in his New York Times opinion piece by saying that physicists should not believe a theory based on faith, but rather insist on hard scientific facts supported by empirical evidence: The multiverse theory may be dressed up in scientific language, but in essence it requires a leap of faith (Davies, 2007). George Ellis is another cosmologist who shares the same sentiment as Davies towards the parallel universe theory. Ellis (2011) points out that the basic problem with the multiverse proposal is the existence of a cosmic visual horizon, as we will never be able to observe these universes even if they did exist. He also rejects the application of string theory, as attempted by Greene (2011), in order to substantiate the plausibility of the parallel universe theory. Ellis (2011) states that string theory is not yet a complete theory that has been tested or proven. He admits, however, that if string theory is ever proven correct then there will be a legitimate argument for the existence of a multiverse. Ellis (2011) concludes that multiverse proposals are merely scientifically based philosophical speculation and cannot even qualify as a well-defined scientific theory. He states that before the multiverse proposal can be considered to be a scientific theory, it needs to be coherent and not just a patchwork of different ideas (Ellis, 2011). The Quantum Physics Perspective The most common criticism of the parallel universe theory is the lack of scientific facts derived from empirical evidence collected by means of observation and experiments. It has proven difficult to acquire scientific proof for the existence of alternate realities for many reasons, one of these reasons being that by observing reality, we are also altering it. This fascinating notion is demonstrated by the famous Double-Slit Experiment (Live Science, 2012). Essentially, this experiment proves that energy and matter display characteristics of particles and waves, indicating the fundamental probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. In a basic Double-Slit Experiment, we observe the light of a laser beam aimed towards a thin plate pierced with two parallel slits. The wave-like nature of the light results in the light waves interfering with each other while passing through the two slits. When observed from behind the plate, one sees bright and dark bands being created, which is unexpecte d if one were to assume that light only consisted of particles. Instead of acting like particles, the light becomes absorbed on the screen as if it consisted of photons or discrete particles (Live Science, 2012). The mysterious result of this experiment lead to the detection of the inherent probabilistic nature of individual photons. When Deutsche (2001) conducted his version of the Double-Slit Experiment, he took the findings even further. He states that when we perceive a photon passing through one slit, a parallel universe might perceive a photon passing through another slit. According to Deutsche (2001), our universe is the reality of the tangible particles that we observe whereas the reality of the shadow particles is actually a parallel universe. However, there are very strong arguments against Deutschs interpretation of the findings of the Double-Slit Experiment. It is impossible to confirm Deutschs claim that the photon goes through one of the slits and not both because an interference pattern emerges when we try to measure this (Sturman, 2011). Even though the standard way of approaching quantum mechanics does not provide a satisfactory explanation of the Double-Slit Experiment in terms of a single universe, it does not give precedent to an unverified theory of a multiverse that might explain it better. After observing that when a photon passes through the first slit, it interferes with a photon that might have passed through the second slit, Deutsch deduces that a photon must have passed through the second slit in a parallel universe (Sturman, 2011). This, however, is unsatisfactory due to the fact that Deutsch has not proven that the photon passes through one of the two slits even though it could have passed through the other slit. There is still a distinct possibility that the photon is passing through both slits at the same time in our universe (Sturman, 2011). What I think Deutsche has forgotten in his pursuit to desperately prove the existence of parallel universes, is that the role of physics is to describe what we experience in our world. When we consider the notion of doppelgà ¤ngers in different universes which we cannot observe, we are stretching the field of physics to be greater than our experiential reality. In my opinion, this cannot be considered science, but rather speculation. Conclusion After analyzing both schools of thought on the existence of parallel universes, I remain firmly unconvinced by this theory. The unverified cosmological arguments made by Tegmark (1997) and the futile attempts of Greene (2011) and Deutschs (2001) quantum physics approach did not succeed in convincing me that parallel universes exist. Even though I approached this concept with an open mind, one must still require empirical evidence before confirming any theory to be remotely factual. Given the evidence, I can confidently conclude that the case for the existence of parallel universes remains unproven for now. However, I have found the contemplation of a multiverse extremely enticing as a way to reflect on the nature of our existence. There is no doubt that the concept belongs in the realm of philosophy for now, but the lack of scientific proof does not leave it entirely worthless. We should rather embrace what multiverse proposals truly are scientifically based philosophical speculatio n (Ellis, 2011). By doing this we can bring newfound legitimacy to the subject. Instead of trying to force it into the field of natural sciences, where it clearly does not belong, we should welcome it in the field of social science. I think that by doing this, we will enable the concept of parallel universes to be explored to its full potential without the boundaries set by the scientific method.

Complex Systems Are Very Likely to Experience Accidents :: Challenger Accidents Accident Papers

Complex Systems Are Very Likely to Experience Accidents Many people in today’s industrial countries have experienced the frustration and inconvenience of having their car break down. That event, while troublesome, often does not pose any significant danger to people. It is a useful microcosm, however, because cars, like other complex systems, will almost certainly malfunction at some point during use. While we cannot prove the following assertion for sure, empirical data and observations strongly suggest that complex systems that are made of unreliable components will inevitably experience accidents so long as there exist flaws in the system that have no reliable safeguards. Numerous studies have investigated such a ‘Normal Accident Theory,’ and two notable cases very strongly indicate its validity: petroleum refinery accidents and the space shuttle Challenger, both of which will be discussed in this paper. Normal Accident Theory (NAT) is the label for a school of thought that considers accidents in complex systems to be inevitable. Two characteristics of complex systems that are very important to NAT are the interactive complexity of a system and a system’s coupling. Coupling is determined primarily by the time between processes in a system, the independent or dependent progression of such processes, and the number of different ways that a system’s goal can be achieved (Piccard, 1999). Systems are classified as ‘tightly coupled,’ meaning that the time between processes is small, the processes are highly interdependent, and there are few paths, if not one, to the goal; or ‘loosely coupled,’ which is the opposite. These characteristics are particularly useful for comparing different complex systems and evaluating them to determine which are at the highest risk for accidents. The results can then be used to minimize, but not elimina te, the possibility that an accident will occur. Sociologist Charles Perrow is generally credited with developing NAT. In order to understand the principles of NAT, several definitions that it uses are essential. An accident is defined as â€Å"an event that is unintended, unfortunate, damages people or objects, affects the functioning of the system of interest, and is non-trivial.† (Perrow, 1994) There are two types of accidents: component failure accidents, which â€Å"involve one or more component failures (part, unit, or subsystem) that are linked in an anticipated sequence,† and ‘normal accidents,’ or system accidents as they can be called (Perrow, 1994).

Business Research Essay

1). Explain the difference between a research question and a hypothesis. Using your current or previous place of employment as a starting point, provide one or more research question and then develop two appropriate hypotheses. A resarch question is is a complicated question that does not have a clear cut anser too. The question is most likely variable different answers.A hypothesis is an aswer that might explane the research with lots of evidence. 2). You are the supervisor of a call center. Lately, there have been many misdirected or dropped calls. Develop one or two research questions and three hypotheses that might account for misdirected or dropped calls. Two research questions would be; when are the calls being dropped and what shift are the calls being dropped the most mi An appropriate hypothesis for the following would consist of; the calls are being dropped due to inefficent training. Another hypothesis would be that the system is having the problem. Lastly a hypothesis for both of them could be the customers may have dropped the calls due to cell phone usage. 3). What are dependent variable and independent variable? Select a library article that uses the quantitative research method and identify the dependent variables and independent variable researched in the article. Dependent vriables rely on other informations and factors and independent stands alone. Many different type contributing factors often leads to the summary of certain authoritative senses. Whereas being that quantitative research would require large amounts of information and edivence the following the factors from the dependent variable the independent would create the ideal theme.. 4). Provide examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary information sources at your current place of employment. How has each one been used? Provide examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary information sources at your current place of employment. How has each one been used? All three sources are used in your everyday tasks but to clarify the fmain one in my workplace would classify as the initial workplace email. Since my job is connected all over the world when the job changes this the first place it goes is email and then mail. In any given situation, a change can be added at anytime seem promptly next would be secondary which will be mailing the offical letter that was sent in the mail. so that these matters no matter what they are can be discussed. Lastly the matter is handle in meeting which means the matter is very serious. 5). Identify a management dilemma you  face at work or at an organization with which you were previously employed. Using the Management-Research Question Hierarchy in Ch. 5 of the text, develop the management questions, research questions, investigative questions, and measurement questions. A management situaion whould be times if flight changes or theier need to bring parts to the company.

Catch Me if You Can by Frank W.

Catch Me if You Can by Frank W. Catch Me if You Can by Frank W. Abagnale is the true story of Frank Abagnale himself, as a real fake. Throughout the book, Abagnale uses several different rhetorical devices, such as foreshadowing, irony, point of view, and importance of title; and raises certain social issues.The title Catch Me if You Can is very important because it is a perfect example of foreshadowing. Frank's first taste of the criminal life occurs at age sixteen. He cons his father out of $3,400. After which, Frank runs away to New York and the con-artistry begins. By impersonating people, Frank gets a thrill and acquires a lot of money. Therefore, Abagnale spends most of his life running from the authorities.The author writes the book in his own point of view, which makes sense because the story is about his own life. By writing of personal experiences, the reader is persuaded to take the book more literally.Frank BoonBecause the book is written about Abagnle himself, the reader gets to know his personal thoug hts and reasoning for his crimes. When Frank cons his father and is caught, his reasoning is evident when he says: "It's the girls, Dad....They do funny things to me. I can't explain it" (17). The reader also gets a better feel of the way Abagnale thinks, and his ability to manipulate others for information. Acting as Bobby Black a high school reporter, Frank interviews a Pan Am pilot and gets all the information he needs: "I was finding a lot of nuggets for my poke" (35). He also gathers information from the women he dates in his present field of work. While the women believe Frank is interested in getting to know them, his real motive is to become as educated as possible.Abagnale uses irony in the book...

Essay Sample on Scientology Some Key Facts to Cover

Essay Sample on Scientology Some Key Facts to Cover The purpose of this essay is to explore the religion of scientology and to further understand the main aspects of the religion in better detail. The religion of scientology intrigued me because I have never known anything about it, and it sounds like it might be something that is quite interesting to learn more about. There will be many areas covered, including the founder of the religion, the different aspects of it, and facts about Scientology. Scientology as a religion began in 1954 and was based on the thoughts and teachings of L. Ron Hubbard. (Nation) He came to be respected and known with his book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, which contains a therapy for enhancing life, as well as curing emotional and psychosomatic illnesses. (Nation) This was the basis for the beginning of the religion, along with the book Science of Survival. That book speaks about the religion philosophy of scientology, and this is when his ideas first took on a religious angle. (Nation) Hubbard, being a genius, is someone who’s writings will get recognition and be respected by some sector of the community, and that aided Scientology. (Garrison, 21) In order to understand the Scientology in a better way, we have to get a grasp on what Dianetics is, especially since it is the forerunner and foundation upon which Scientology rests. (Garrison, 19) Dianetics is described as the basic science of human thought, and is related to the exploration into the human mind. (Garrison, 20) Hubbard began this whole Dianetics idea by looking for the a dynamic principle that would be the lowest common denominator of existence. He came up with the idea that all life is energy of some sort, and he asked: what is the energy doing? (Garrison 23) The answer that Hubbard drew from that question was that the dynamic principle of existence was the primary urge of all organisms, from the simplest to the most complex, to survive. In his studies, Hubbard also found that the basic nature of human beings to be sincere, intelligent, and good, the conclusion being drawn from studies of hypnosis. (Garrison, 24) This conclusion is key in uncovering one of Dianetic most valuable discoveries, that is the idea that all men are basically good and that their wrongdoing stemmed from mental aberration, which means that the ideas are straying from the normal. The idea that the mankind could be redeemed if they can stop the mental aberrations, which was the source of the problems. Further investigation in to this area of study found the source of trouble lay in a previously unknown sub-mind, which, together with its own memory, underlies the conscious mind. The subliminal mind (which is different from conscious mind) is also known as the reactive mind in this theory, is the only mind that is always conscious. This mind then records what is done to the individual, not by him, during periods of unconsciousness, which can be from drugs, shock, illness or injury, and these recorded thoughts are what contains the pain or problems, which lead to the mental aberration, and then to eventual wrongdoing (Garrison, 26) Then, armed with this knowledge, one can conclude that a primary goal of Dianetics to restore the human back to its full potential and to clear the mind of all the things that essentially pull it down. Dianetic believes in going back and basically re-living these mental aberrations (not literally, in the mind) and this will cause the brain to eventually file the memory away as no n-aberrative. (Garrison, 29) This is the basic idea of Dianetics, which again laid the groundwork for the Scientology religion. Scientology is an organization or movement that is right on the boundary between psychology and religion. The idea is that if you correctly apply the knowledge that is there for the taking, which will fully release the individuals full potential. The proper application of the ideas is supposed to lead to the freeing of the individuals superhuman powerful human nature. Scientology believes that in the climb to a desirable state, there are current human limitations, including lack of confidence or competence, psychological and physical disabilities, and psychosomatic illness. These limitations, if they are eliminated (the idea of scientology), this will enable man to handle his environment more successfully. (Wallis, 4) Scientology also looks at the human beings will to exist, which is summed up in 8 dynamics or drives as they are called. L. Ron Hubbard composed these 8 dynamics or drives, and they are as follows: 1) The urge to survive as a self-aware individual; 2) through his progeny; 3) as a member of a family group or race; 4) through mankind as all mankind; 5) the urge toward survival through all living things, whether animal or vegetable; 6)the urge towards survival in the physical universe; 7) the urge towards survival as or of spirits; and 8)the urge towards survival as Infinity, or through a Supreme Being. (Garrison, 24,43,44) The religion of Scientology strives to teach the people to reach their maximum potential and to make the person exist and satisfy all of the dynamics. Scientology, as you may expect, has had its people that do not agree or believe in the ideas or principles and do not consider it a religion. J. Gordon Melton did a study on the religion, and he is a reputable writer of the Encyclopedia of American Religions. He says the he finds Scientology to be a religion in the fullest sense of the word. (Melton,2) His studies show Scientology to have a strong, well thought-out doctrine, that includes belief in a Supreme Being, a belief in the freedom of the spirit, belief in the immortality of the spirit, a detailed system of worship, as well as pastoral counseling program, as well as community efforts. This is a very full plate and is a rarity among religions that are as young as this one. (Melton, 1) This is a religion and it should not be debated too much according to the facts. The worship of a supreme being, and belief in spiritual growth, and the fact that as any religion, Scientology answers the basic religious questions of where did we come from, why are we put here, and where are we going. (Melton, 2) The evidence points to this definitely being a religion and there is little debate with the facts in hand. The religion of Scientologys major doctrinal emphasis can be hard to grasp. This can be summarized to best aid in understanding of it. The subjects or followers were trained by therapists called auditors, and they train one to increase the power of the conscious mind and resist the influence of engrams. Engrams are painful long lasting impressions of past experiences that essentially confuse the reactive or unconscious mind. The whole idea is to remove the engrams from the equation. Scientology also preached that humans are immortal spirits that are known as Thetans. (means life) The belief is that most humans have lost their Thetan ability, but through the practice of Scientology, they can become operating Thetans. This means that, basically, Scientology is the practice of subduing the engrams and bringing out the potential in human beings to become operating Thetans. (Nation, 1) This insight into Scientology has brought me to believe that there are many different beliefs in the world, and they may look weird from the outside looking in, but that does not mean that these are not legitimate or real religions. The idea of Scientology is not like that of anything that I have heard about before, and that is why it is, in my opinion, an amazing accomplishment that it has survived and flourished. With a worldwide membership of 8 million people, it does not appear that Scientology will be dying out anytime soon , which is admirable. (Nation, 1) Scientology is unique and different, and that a big part of the reason that it is so interesting.

Analysis on the poem Cherrylog Road by James Dickey Essay

Analysis on the poem Cherrylog Road by James Dickey - Essay Example All throughout the poem though, it talks about how the lovers meet at an obviously arranged time when the woman is able to escape from her father’s farm. The nervousness of the woman about what they are doing is shown with the trembling of her lips which could also be her expression of equal desire of her lover. The poem also shows the boredom of a lover who waits on his partner, and the fear of being caught red-handed as they express their love to each other (Dickey). Being a poem of reminiscing, the author could have written the poem to express his thoughts on passionate yet forbidden love affair. Whether or not a similar involvement could have been experienced by the author himself would not be a question worth meander thing on because the theme of the poem is widely experienced around the globe at different generations. Forbidden love affairs had been retold time and again through stories like Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet so that the theme could have simply been an observation of the author and needed not be a first hand experience. Passion and flame is well expressed in the poem in a metaphorical way, mentioning the blacksnake hunting the mouse with deadly excitement. The highly stimulated feelings expressed between the lovers are seen throughout the poem with changes of emotion from boredom, to fear and to pensive considerations. The author expressed boredom as he waited for his lover who is coming from her father’s farm and could have the possibility of being unable to meet him because of the latter’s restrictions. On meeting each other comes the nervousness and fear expressed not only by the man but the woman as well who fear being caught by her father. Then as the lovers separate, the author shifts to a thoughtful reconsideration of their affair, remaining drunk with the experience he had with his woman. The author used metaphor greatly especially in expressing the consummation of the lovers’ love to each other. The intimacy of

MGT 511 CASE ASSIGNMENT 3 Work-Life Issues Essay

MGT 511 CASE ASSIGNMENT 3 Work-Life Issues - Essay Example The main aim here is to ensure that the individual spends equal time and energy on home matters, family activities and also self well being. Some of main reasons a work life balance is so focused on is the need to spend quality and flexible hours in taking care of the elderly, children and also better health care. With the growing levels of competition the need for flexible working hours and conditions, the concept has been well received by numerous large organisations however has not been very well received by other smaller organisations. A number of the large organisations and medium scaled companies provide the employees with a chance to have shorter work weeks and flexible schedules as well as options to work from home. Also companies are now adopting the flexible work hours and flexible work environment as a part of the corporate social responsibility as well. An excellent source of information for the work place flexibility is that presented by Ken Giglio of the Sloan Work and Family Research Network. The website provides a wide range of flexibility options provided by several companies keeping in mind the needs of the workforce (Giglio, n.d.). As seen in the case study by Giglio, it is evident that companies like AFLAC provide the employees with a flexible work environment and are not very strict in terms of the work hours. The company works on the principle that if the employees are taken care of, then the employees will also take care of the business. The Gen X and Gen Y have very different approaches and perspectives to the work life balance. The differences relate to the attitude of work as well as the views and the changing work demographics in America. The Gen X is more focused on the fulfilment that they achieve from life. The typical family here will include both parents working and in case of any family needs, the wife tends to make changes to her work schedule accordingly. Here in Gen X the women need more flexible work options. However in the case of Gen Y, the men contribute to the work within the house as well. Here the men take up the roles of being a husband, father and also caregiver. This generation does not focus on the traditional gender roles and as explained by Fraone (2010), â€Å"Traditional gender roles no longer apply in a  marketplace, where women earn over half of all graduate degrees and have (in some  industries) the earning potential of their male counterparts† (Fraone, 2010).  Ã‚  Here in Gen Y the men take on the role within the family and here the men tend to be more involved in raising the children and also working towards child care responsibilities as well. As explained by Harrington in Fraone (2010), â€Å"The progressive organizations that we work with have developed a wide array of policies to support their employees and many are striving to foster a culture of flexibility, agility and viewing employees as a whole person† (Fraone, 2010). There is however a common issue wher e the managers or the Gen X workers tend to over look the role of men in home related work and also tend to overlook women who need flexible work conditions for family care. It is also crucial to note here that corporate leadership styles tend to be diverse and this provides a chance to provide better equitable work life balance as well. The leaders within an organisation may not always have children or may have children who are grown, or may not even have elderly to care for within the family.