Internet in our lives Essay Example For Students

Web in our lives Essay Another day on Wall Street. The Internet is changing the manner in which the financier business works together. Today an ever increasing number of speculators are choosing for exchange by means of the Internet and dodge contact with an intermediary all together. Are the times of the enormous full help representative over or will there be a trade off between full assistance and self-heading? Has the fast headway in data innovation helped the business or harmed it? What job will IT have on the eventual fate of exchanging? Only a couple of years back all exchanges were finished by calling a business and conversing with an intermediary who typically attempted to push some hot stock and charged you a huge entirety to buy the offers you needed. The 70’s offered route to another time of rebate intermediaries. The markdown intermediaries gave the way to make exchanges at an altogether lower cost yet to the detriment of less instructive and coordinated administrations. These markdown f irms used new PC advancements to process exchanges and opened up venture open doors for some, that would not have recently thought about buying protections. With improved IT abilities and the presentation of the Internet the markdown agents had the option to open the entryway much further by decreasing exchanging expenses and creating easy to use stages for speculators. The Brokerage business is one driven by quality client care and high benefits. Financial specialists need to expand there ventures at a decreased cost yet at the same time get the most elevated level of administration and data accessible. In the past speculators were confined by the measure of control they had over their ventures, specialists made proposal, pushes, and did the genuine buying. Today with the expansion of the PC and online abilities financial specialists can pick what, where and when they contribute. By using on the web assets speculators can play out the examination and investigation that was once pri ncipally done by intermediaries. This new innovation is dramatically affecting the manner in which businesses work. The once little markdown agents are using the Internet to assume control over an entirely different market portion and the bigger full assistance business organizations are mobilizing to include online administrations. This paper will investigate these impacts and how the business is reacting just as address the inquiries brought up in the opening. Selling protections by means of the Internet is simple and quick. Business firms are offering their administrations on the Internet and this is reshaping the business. Charles Schwab is one of these organizations and it is overwhelming the internet exchanging market. By observing the potential the Internet offers and entering early Schwab has had the option to reform exchanging. As indicated by an announcement made by Schwab President and CEO David S Pottuck â€Å"Schwab and the protections markets experienced extraordinary volumes in January†¦ The ventures we have made in limit empowered our Web website to deal with 1.2 billion hits during January, roughly twofold the October 1998 level†. It was likewise announced in an article by on Yahoo’s site page that Schwab â€Å"†¦ clients channeled 153,000 exchanges every day through its goal site in January, up 65% from 93,000 per day in the final quarter (ic1998). †¦ clients held a record $521 billion in assets†¦ Unlike Schwab Merrill Lynch has been the pioneer in the business for a long time. As of not long ago Merrill Lynch is has kept up its job as a full specialist co-op without the expansion of web based exchanging. Despite the fact that they have chosen to enter the internet exchanging portion they despite everything need to keep up their high intermediary system and individual help. Merrill feels the Internet ought to be an augmentation of their administrations and not only an assistance in itself. They have chosen f or just offer internet exchanging to a chosen few of their clients and charge commissions on a sliding scale. What does the future hold for the business? As per a significant number of the organizations the future will comprise of for the most part low commission web based exchanging with the accessibility of an accomplished proficient. this is apparent by the moves that organizations are making now. The business is endeavoring to create point by point simple to utilize stages for the individual financial specialist while simultaneously offer individual support when wanted. Its headway will empower agents to invest less energy managing the client and additional time inquiring about the market and creating techniques for the individual speculator to utilize. Some other key components to be consolidated 1. Diminish cost for industry and financial specialists 2. Expanded number of speculators 3. Expanded number of exchanges 4. Expanded data accessible 5. Improved reaction time to showc ase pointers 6. Reaction to framework disappointments and reinforcements 7. 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Discrimination in US Judicial system Free Essays

America legal framework has been blamed for separation particularly with regards to compulsory sentences. There has been a genuine divergence undoubtedly with certain gatherings apparently being supported by the law while others have been dealt with brutally. This condition of issue is tragic for this nation as it appears to separate the nation in classes particularly on racial premise. We will compose a custom exposition test on Segregation in US Judicial framework or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The minority gatherings, the African American, Latinos and ladies have been truly influenced making human rights gatherings to foment for the difference in laws to apply similarly among all the gatherings. These imbalances in the use of the laws appear to be retrogressive to the extent our undertaking to make America an all equivalent nation is concerned. The legal framework is by all accounts applying the law unjustifiably causing some to feel less American than others. This doesn't twist drill well for the national union as the distraught gathering may feel this is an endeavor to sideline them on different lines and they may pick to tackle the issue in whatever implies accessible to them including brutality in this way influencing the America dependability. These variations influence the blameworthy as well as the guiltless who are brutally condemned for the violations they didn't submit. (Kinzie, M 2002) This might be negative for the battle against wrongdoing. On the off chance that we keep rebuffing so cruelly and moreover appear to separate, the crime percentages will just increase as individuals particularly the individuals who are legitimately or in a roundabout way influenced by this segregation in equity register their disappointment on the out of line treatment selecting to utilize viciousness. To completely address the differences in condemning in our legal framework, reasons for this unreasonable treatment by our framework should be tended to deliberately. Police Department which is accused of the job of capturing the law guilty parties has been recognized as on of the zones where the segregation is so uncontrolled. Numerous Americans have revealed being scanned or even captured for the wrongdoings the have not submitted simply because they had an alternate shading or talked with an alternate highlight from that of the capturing official. I t is the police who capture and adjust the presumed crooks to the court. I f they are one-sided as far as race or different angles the suspects may not feel that they will get a reasonable treatment. The treatment may additionally be reached out to the condemning itself, along these lines causing the casualties to lose certainty on our legal framework. (Jeremy, K. 2004) Human rights bunches have revealed that there have been more captures undoubtedly. This has made an observation that the minorities perpetrate wrongdoing than their white partners, this discernment has even been reached out to our legal framework with our adjudicators being one-sided when a case including an individual from a minority, rather than taking a gander at the realities set out the issue of race mists the framework making the person in question rule an unforgiving treatment. We may not so much accuse the police and the appointed authorities alone for the uncalled for treatment of the subject however our law framework have neglected to address the current issues. The laws appear to be one-sided from the word go and this maybe is the place the difficult untruths. Judges base their sentences on the law; the law recommends a specific discipline on a specific wrongdoing submitted. There are a portion of the laws that appear to be merciful on certain wrongdoers. Althugh this may not be legitimately demonstrated there exists a few abberations most definitely. Taking a gander at the discipline through a social point of view one may not neglect to see that there is some type of separation of specific gatherings. A decent case nearby is the issue of medications, cocaine is one of the medications that is manhandled by Americans of all strolls of lives be they poor, rich, dark, white and Latinos. Shockingly the sentences endorsed vary with regards to the kind of cocaine being referred to. There are two sorts of coaine; the powdered structure and the break which is cooked in heating pop. Split is chiefly utilized by the dark and the Latinos populaces while the powdered cocaine is for the most part devoured by the rich whites. At the point when the congress was passing this law on sedate maltreatment there was an off-base sign that split was more addictive than the powdered structure and it came about to progressively rough among its clients thusly overwhelming discipline for its clients rather than powder clients who got lesser sentences. This law dependent on this contention, however great to deflect the medication clients have not tended to the current issue as it has been blamed for separating on the lines of race and social classes. (Wolf, D 2006) American culture can likewise be to a great extent fault for the situation that win in our legal framework. The laws are made by our agents whom we choose, thusly the officials speaks to our perspectives and on the off chance that we don't concur with them there are channels of tending to the issue. Our general public is shaped so that isolation as far as race class and different angles is grasped along these lines our legal framework simply reflect who we are as a general public. This doesn't imply that the state of affairs must prevail,we should grasp a circumstance where all are dealt with similarly paying little heed to the race, ideology or even the social class one involves. This requires the sharpening of the majority on the need to take a gander at one another as either sibling or sister. This will come path in making equity in the general public which will in the long run been reflected in our laws subsequently execution by our legal executive framework. ( Hurst, C. 2001) Judicial office has an extraordinary job as long as uniformity in law is concerned, this division is commanded to decipher the law made by our officials and in the event that they appear to repudiate the incomparable constitution of our property the office has a duty of subduing these laws and inform the administrators on the weaknesses with respect to these enactments. The laws which are discriminative in nature not just motivation an incredible division in this country yet additionally aim extraordinary enduring to the casualties as they are exposed to cruel treatment in some cases for the wrongdoings they may have not submitted however because of their failure to enlist skilled legal counselors they neglect to protect themselves along these lines being rebuffed. The legal division ought to guarantee that the appointed authorities who handle situations where segregation might be refered to are skilled individual and have no history of racial preference. The office needs to enable the appointed authorities with abilities that will guarantee they handle such sort of cases with reality they merit as it is just through along these lines that our legal framework will be believed to serve all similarly paying little mind to their race, ideology or even the economic wellbeing they hold in the general public. Determination of juries is another territory that necessities to took care of with a great deal of alert some of them might be undermined to decide on a specific way which advances the previously existing dissimilarity . The legal executive should ensure that people who are chosen in the jury are individuals of high uprightness, the individuals who are not one-sided and show high regard for the all individuals paying little mind to assorted variety. Judges need to set point of reference on utilization of the law similarly, priority that should be definitive to such an extent that the entire framework will receive to guarantee all who are carried before them are treated with decency as required by the normal equity and our constitution too. The legal division needs to guarantee that frameworks are set up for the individuals who feel they have been segregated to enlist their grumblings and the essential cures taken. The investigative court ought to be completely engaged to address this issue thoroughly and in a way that all will be fulfilled and equity will have won in such frameworks. (Murray, F 2003) With the duty of deciphering the laws being vested on this division by our constitution. The legal framework ought to maintain this duty and encourage the congress to take a gander at each one of those laws which appear to apply specifically. These laws should be changed without veering off from their underlying course of making them, which was to battle wrongdoing. They ought to be applied similarly to all. We ought not have a few gatherings being dealt with mercifully yet the extent of the wrongdoing is the equivalent. The legal executive framework can spare this country from the desolation of experiencing another time of separation in our general public. In the event that it maintains the duty presented by the residents of America through the constitution it can solidify the additions we have so far made similarly as dispensing with isolations in our locale is concerned. Lawbreakers should be dealt with similarly and decently, nobody ought to get discipline which isn't proportionate to the wrongdoing carried out neither ought to be there lesser discipline for a wrongdoing submitted. It is quite reasonable use of equity that this office will be seen in the focal points of adjusting all the America most definitely. The division can't acknowledge bombing as this will be fate for America as a country. References Kinzie, M (2002) Product obligation and case. Clifton Park, Newyork. Jeremy, K. (2004) Discrimination in our laws. American viewpoint. Straus and Graux.Newyork Wolf, D (2006) Law and the racial governmental issues. Harper Collins, Newyork. Hurst, C. (2001) Crime and the law: social perspective.W.W.Norta, Newyork. Murray, F (2003) American legal framework. Sierra club books, Sanfrancisco Step by step instructions to refer to Discrimination in US Judicial framework, Papers

Tips on Writing and Designing a Cover Letter (that Excites Hiring Managers)

Tips on Writing and Designing a Cover Letter (that Excites Hiring Managers) © Shutterstock.com | DeymosHRThe entire landscape of job hunting has changed over the past several years. Only a couple of decades ago, you could simply apply to a position with a generic resume and you have a good shot at getting a phone call from a company.Nowadays, that will not really get you anywhere. You need to go the extra mile to make yourself stand out. You need to tailor your resume to the given position, create your online brand for recognition, and most importantly, design the perfect cover letter that will excite hiring managers.The cover letter is an underappreciated document in the job application portfolio, overlooked by many candidates. We are here to tell you that an amazing cover letter can thrust you forward in the recruiter’s mind and leave a lasting impression.A cover letter is a supplementary document that accompanies your resume and provides more weight to your application. A resume will state the cold, hard facts but a cover letter will provide credence t o the claims you make. A cover letter will describe many things, including the reasons for applying to that company, the reasons for wanting that particular job, and the benefits you will bring to the company.There are also other things that a cover letter addresses, which we will cover in this article. A cover letter for a job application is very similar to a motivation letter for a college application. You are convincing the hiring manager that you are indeed the right person for the job; a cover letter explains why you are the best fit. That is what all recruiters are searching for â€" the best fit.We want to help you write the best cover letter that will immediately grab the recruiter’s attention. We will help you write and design one that is informative yet captivating at the same time.Cover letters do not have to be boring and bland; they can be exciting and moving as well. We want your cover letter to shine and reflect your personality, making you stand out from the crowd. If you follow these tips, you are sure to persuade any recruiter into giving you that phone you want so badly.STRUCTURE OF A COVER LETTERBefore we discuss the tips of designing an exciting cover letter, let’s first look at the structure and content of a cover letter. This will be a guide to writing your own cover letter after reading the tips later on.FormatA cover letter consists of several sections â€" the heading, the salutation, the body of the letter, and the closing. We will at all these sequentially.First Section: HeadingThe first section is your heading and it comprises your address (applicant’s address) and the company’s address (recipient’s address), along with the date. The format for writing your address is as follows:Name of ApplicantAddress of ApplicantPhone Number of ApplicantEmail of ApplicantThe company address is also written in a similar manner.Name of RecipientName of DepartmentName of OrganizationAddress of OrganizationIn most job ads, it is specifically stated to whom you should address the application. In most cases, it is somebody who works in Human Resources. In that case, the name of the recipient is provided along with the name of the department, i.e., Human Resources.When it comes to the address of the organization, that is mentioned in almost all job ads. In case it is not and your company of choice has multiple sites in various locations, it would be best to write the address of the office that you are applying to.For instance, Infineon Technologies has its headquarters in Munich but has a production facility in Dresden. If you are applying for a position in Dresden, then state the address of the Dresden office, since the corresponding recruiting team will review your application. Second Section: SalutationThe second part of your cover letter is the salutation. It is only one line but it is very important, so make sure to start correctly. There are various salutations used in communications (texting and email), ranging fro m the very casual and informal to the very proper and formal. As this is a cover letter for a job application, it would be wise to use a very formal salutation to address the recruiter reading your letter.Avoid using greetings like “Hi” and “Hello” at all costs. Those are reserved for your friends and family, not for your recruiter. You want to take a very respectful approach when addressing recruiters. The safest and most used greeting is “Dear” followed by “Mr./Ms. X,” where X is the family name of the recruiter. For example, if the recruiter’s name is Jane Smith, you will begin the letter with “Dear Ms. Jane.” This is deemed very respectful and considerate, the perfect way to address a recruiter.Although it may sound innocuous, using the greeting “To Whom it May Concern” is actually frowned upon by many and you should not use it. Using that greeting conveys the message, “I do not know who is going to read this but I hope that the right person will read it.”You do want to come across as somebody who does not know who is at least reading your cover letter. In case a name of a recruiter is not explicitly stated in the job advertisement, the go with the safer “Dear Hiring Manager.” In almost all cases, a hiring manager will in fact read your cover letter. Therefore, this is considered as an acceptable salutation.Third Section:  Body of the Cover LetterThe third section deals with the actual content of the letter, which usually consists of 3 to 4 paragraphs. There is no real reason to push it to five, even if you do have years of experience. You can limit  it to four paragraphs. The letter has an introductory paragraph, the body of the letter with main content (1 to 2 paragraphs), and a final closing paragraph.Introductory ParagraphThe first paragraph of your letter should introduce who you are. Include your educational background and your current position. Briefly state how you came across the position, whether you found it on LinkedIn, on the company’s career portal, on some online job board, or any other place. Mention in one sentence why you badly want this job and what you can do for them. The first paragraph has to hook the recruiter; it has to get them to continue reading the rest of your letter.In case an employee at the company referred you to this position, make sure you mention this. This will add more significance to your application and you will have a higher chance of getting a phone call. There is a major difference between finding a position online and getting the inside scoop from an employee at that company.Body of the LetterThis portion of the letter contains the main essence of your argument. You need to present your skills that will benefit the company, relate your prior experiences to the position you are applying for, and discuss your personal qualities that make you unique. Normally this section is two paragraphs long, but some decide to go for only one paragraphs. It all depends on you and the things you are able to offer a company. That is what a cover letter is all about â€" it is all about the things you can offer to the company.Start by passionately describing the reason you want the job, namely the reason for wanting to work at that company. Recruiters love passionate candidates, because those who love the job are able to perform the best. State some facts about the company that you read in their annual report or financial report that is pertinent to the position you are applying to. It shows that you did your research on the company and know them quite well. Do not repeat your resume here; demonstrate your abilities by mentioning relevant accomplishments.Mention the qualifications that are listed in the job advertisement and justify how you meet all of them. When you are ticking the boxes for them, you are making their job easier and everybody likes that. Use industry specific keywords that generate buzz. This gets people talking and you want recruite rs to talk about your letter. Exemplify the skills that you listed in your resume. Remember, this is your chance to succinctly justify your skills, so give a situation where you used them.Final ParagraphIn the final paragraph of your cover letter, thank your recruiter for reading your letter. People who work in HR are very busy people (which many find hard to believe) and like to know that their work is being appreciated. A simple thank you will go a long way. State your earliest starting date to work, to show enthusiasm and eagerness to work.Restate your contact information so that recruiters can get in touch with you if they like you. Though it is not common, some people even mention their expected salary. This depends on the type of position you are applying for, so we suggest leaving this out unless you are absolutely certain you need to provide it.Fourth Section: ClosingThe final section of the letter is only two lines long, but it must be handled with care. It is the closing r emarks. You should end your letter respectfully with a closing like “Sincerely” or “Regards.” They are deemed quite formal, perfect for a cover letter. Avoid using terms like “Best Wishes” and “Yours Truly.”Remember, you are not writing a letter to a friend, you are writing a cover letter to a recruiting manager. So please bear in mind that you should come across as professional and polite. Finish the letter with a signature just below your closing remark.Read a little more on how to actually write your cover letter.[slideshare id=46330378doc=how20to20write20a20cover20letter20that20gets20read3-150326131657-conversion-gate01w=710h=400]TIPS ON WRITING AN EXCITING COVER LETTERWe want you to write a cover letter that screams, “Hire me!” at the recruiters. Recruiters receive dozens of job applications every single day, and amazing cover letters are rare.You do not want a letter that gets tossed in the waste basket or in modern times, gets deleted. Your cover letter ne eds to be exciting enough to intrigue a recruiter. Following these tips will surely pique the interests of even the sternest of hiring managers.Use Industry Specific KeywordsWhenever you are applying to any position, take the time to understand the industry and see the words that are used frequently. These are the keywords for this industry. It will be easier for experienced professionals looking for another job in the same industry to identify these keywords. On the other hand, it may be more challenging for a fresh graduate looking for their first job.However, with Google being so ubiquitous, you can easily determine some commonly used terms in any given industry. By reading several job ads in any given sector, you will come across terms that are used throughout all of them. Incorporate them into your letter. Keywords are generally listed under the technical and soft skill requirements of a job ad.Significance of KeywordsYou may be wondering, “What is the point of using these ke ywords?” Well for starters, all companies nowadays use a computerized system of assessing cover letters. Rather than having people reading each and every cover letter that they receive daily (which can be quite a lot), they rely on an automatic system to scan them.The software will scan your cover letter and determine if this letter has the keywords pertinent to the job. Recruiters want applicants to use the keywords that they are familiar with, so it would be wise to play into their hands and include them. When you can successfully appeal to the recruiter by understanding them, then you have a good chance at impressing them.Always Have the Recruiter in MindAll job ads are written by recruiters and hiring managers. They take the time and effort to write an interesting job description that excites people into working at their firm. When you can take their own words in their job ads and use it in your own letter, it shows them that you actually read the job ad and understand exactly what they are looking for. The requirements section of a job ad include the most number of keywords, so make sure to include all of them in your cover letter.Example 1Imagine you are applying to a process engineering position at a semiconductor company that fabricates chips. In the job ad, they explicitly state the following requirements:Somebody who is knowledgeable in semiconductor physicsExperienced in working in a cleanroomAble to use advanced engineering software (AutoCAD, SPICE, COMSOL Multiphysics)Loves to work in a teamThinks outside the boxAfter reading that, you have some clues to the keywords that you can use in your cover letter. Mention your prior experience of working in a “cleanroom” and using your knowledge of “semiconductor physics” to “fabricate” electronic circuits in the past. Talk about a time when you “designed” something using “AutoCAD” or “COMSOL Multiphysics” to demonstrate your proficiency in these programs. Show your desire to work in a “diverse team” to bounce ideas off each other. This bring out the most “creative” of solutions, so discuss your affinity to “creativity.”Each of the words in quotation marks above are keywords for the job ad of that particular company. Make sure to use most, if not all, of them in your letter.When you are able to touch upon all the key points mentioned in a job ad, especially in the requirements section, you have a high possibility of exciting the hiring manager. The hiring manager wrote those things for a reason â€" they are looking for those type of candidates. Use those keywords when you are writing your sentences and you will definitely make an impact.Example 2Imagine you are applying to a web developer position at a software engineering firm. The job you read contains the following sentencesWe are looking for somebody who has recently graduated with a degree in Computer ScienceHas knowledge of front-end and/or back-end languagesIs a very hard worker; can handl e the pressure and stressAble to work independentlyThe keywords in this group of sentences for this particular ad are “recent graduate”, “Computer Science”, “programming languages”, “hardworking and diligent”, “resilient”, “can work independently”, etc. You can always play around with them and find synonyms for the words listed in the job ad. Since this particular ad mentions programming languages, but does not state which ones, you can say that you know HTML, CSS, and JavaScript â€" the front-end languages.Highlight the fact that you have recently graduated with a degree in Computer Science and are eager to start working immediately. Mention that you can work by yourself and complete tasks on your own with very little supervision. That will appeal to the recruiter who wrote this advertisement.Example 3The last two examples were more technical positions, but let’s at something business related. For instance, you are applying to a bank or some financial inst itution and they are hiring financial analysts. The job ad may contain words like “MBA”, “finance”, “financial analysis”, “analytical skills”, “critical reasoning skills”, “communication skills”, etc. Incorporate all of these words and more into your cover letter to excite the recruiter.Talk about what you learned in your MBA, especially how you concentrated on finance and banking. Talk about your previous experience as a financial analyst and explain how you developed your analytical skills.Being good at math and decision-making, you can say that you have critical reasoning skills to make executive decisions. State that you are a “people person”, being able to communicate and interact with people with ease. Your communication prowess will help you land this job, so state that you are a good communicator.Study Many Ads of the Same TypeWhen you are writing a cover letter for a position at a company, study other job ads of other similar companies offering v ery similar positions. Different companies will use slightly different terms in their ads even though they are posting the same job. The English language is very diverse and words tend to have many synonyms. Use these synonyms in your letter. The best source to find synonyms is to study other job ads and finding inspiration.There are only so many keywords that a recruiter will use in their job ad. They provide a particular subset of terms that are relevant to their industry. So many more terms are pertinent to the role and the industry that just happened to not be used. Never forget to use a variety of keywords. Hiring managers will take notice of this and will appreciate the fact that you took the effort to study the industry and determine what matters to them.When you are using keywords in your cover letter, you are tailoring it to the position and the company and, most importantly, the industry.Provide a HookWe all know that recruiters are very busy people and have relatively mun dane tasks like reading cover letters every single day. They have seen them all. From the ill prepared and poorly written letters to the very simplistic and boring letters, hiring managers read many generic letters every day.They want to read something that is captivating and provides some excitement. You can make their job more exciting by writing an amazing cover letter that hooks them in from the very first paragraph. The introductory paragraph is your opportunity to keep them interested, so make it count.Many cover letters begin with a sentence like, “I am applying for the position of {insert position name} at {insert company name} because I think I am a good fit for your company.” This is actually quite a weak opening to the most important letter of your career. You need to inject more energy and desire into the first sentence of the introductory paragraph. You need to provide a hook; you need to entice the hiring manager from the get-go.Here are some types of hooks you can employ in your cover letter.Praise the OrganizationYou can open with a sentence that praises the organization on its recent accomplishments or overall standing in the market in relation to its competitors. This shows that you perused the company website to acquire specific information.If you are able to state an achievement of the company in the very first sentence, recruiters will get the impression that you read the annual report and financial report. Hiring managers are pleased to see a fact in the letter, especially right at the beginning. Follow up by stating that you also want to achieve great things with the company and take it to the next level with your ingenious ideas.When praising an organization, try to state one of their successful projects that you read about online. You will find that some companies do not disclose information on their current projects but if they do, this is an easy platform to take advantage of.ExampleFor a technology and engineering company, you c an start by congratulating the firm on its recent achievement of building the “connected car”, a car equipped with sensors to help drivers. Link this with your knowledge of electronics and cars. Briefly state how you can take this project to the next level with your ideas and skills. This is a very effective method of enticing hiring managers.This is how you can write it:“I am very proud to hear that your company’s Connected Car was a success. I have a deep passion for electronics and I know a lot about cars, so I really want to work on this project at your company. I designed several electronic circuits as a student and I want to help construct sensors to implement in your cars. I want to help you create the future automobile, and I have the competencies to make this vision a reality.”This conveys intent and desire on your part, a trait that many hiring managers want to see at the very beginning of a letter.Use Keywords at the BeginningWe have already discussed the import ance of keywords in this article. Use them in your cover letter. Actually, place them in the very first paragraph of your letter. Keywords are what applicant tracking systems are looking for. When the system sees these keywords near the beginning, it will place more importance on them and there is a much higher chance that recruiters will take notice of it.Moreover, hiring managers like keywords, a lot! Please don’t overdo it, but use it enough so that it shows that you actually read the job ad. If hiring managers see these keywords first, then you have a good chance of getting that phone call.ExampleIf you are applying for a Sales Rep position at a company, you may come across a job advertisement that has the following key points.Looking for an experienced Sales ExecutiveMust be comfortable talking with people regularlyShould have great presentation skills and stage presenceNeeds to make decisions quicklyAfter reading that, you should incorporate most, if not all, of these keywor ds in you introductory paragraph. This will propel your cover letter forward and make it shine brighter than the rest. Here is a good way to begin.“I have 4 years of experience as a Sales Executive at my previous company, where I brought in many clients and retained them due to my excellent communication and interpersonal skills. I delivered many presentations in my life. I described products in detail and convinced customers that they will benefit from using our products. I am quick on my feet, answering difficult and tricky questions with a clever answer that will keep customers interested.”You can see many keywords in this paragraph. Terms like “years of experience”, “excellent communication and interpersonal skills”, “delivered presentations”, “convinced customers”, and “quick on my feet” are all keywords in this case.Hiring managers will appreciate this and they will be excited to continue reading, as you addressed the key points that they wanted in a ca ndidate.State Your Mutual ConnectionIf somebody who works at the company referred you to this position, state this important piece of information in the very first sentence. Many wait to say this later in the first paragraph, but studies have shown that something this significant should always be mentioned first.In addition to the name, mention the post of this person and briefly describe how you came about getting this reference. This puts things into perspective for the hiring manager and adds credence to your claim.ExampleThere are plenty of ways to network to gain some sort of leverage in the job hunting process. You could rely on close friends and family members to put in a good word for you in their company.You could also go the extra mile and attend social events where professionals gather and share ideas. Several avenues are available to jobseekers to get some inside information on companies and the opportunities vacant.Here is an example of describing who referenced you and how they got to know you.“Jane Smith, a senior development engineer at this organization, recommended me to apply for this position. We met at a social gathering a few weeks ago and I got in touch with many engineers in the industry. After a long conversation, she wanted me to follow in her footsteps because she saw potential in me. She believes my skillset will come in very handy for you. She thinks I can design and develop products very well for you.”By giving context to how you met this internal contact at the company, it shows what lengths you went to in order to get your foot in the door. Many hiring managers will think that since you went this far to have a chance to attend an interview, then you will do the same or even more when you actually work at the firm. This excites many recruiters, which is a good thing.Tell a StorySometimes, the best way to write a cover letter for a job application is to inject some personality into it by telling a story. Why are you applying t o this particular position and/or company? Are the products and/or services or the company having an impact in your life? Did a member of the company have a big impact in your life?You can answer these questions to tell a captivating story that has the potential to move a hiring manager. By evoking some form of emotion in hiring managers, you have a significantly higher chance of being hired. We are not saying that you should make it so emotional as if you are writing a friend; still keep it professional and respectful, but a little bit of your personality can go a long way.Watch this brief video on how to write your cover letter so it gets you the job interview. We must warn you that this may not work in all industries. Some industries are far more formal than others so you need to be very careful when telling a story in your cover letter. For instance, it would be smart to tell a story when applying to an up-and-coming tech firm that values youth, energy, and spirit. Another insta nce where telling a story will surely pay off is when you apply to a graphics designing studio, where creativity reigns supreme.However, if you happen to apply to a law firm, then it is best to stay as formal as you can. The legal industry is very old and rooted in its traditions, so it is advisable to just go with a cover letter that explains the facts. Know your industry very well and then decide on the story you want to tell.Show Passion and EnthusiasmWhenever you are writing your cover letter, you need to add something that you cannot in your resume â€" your passion and your enthusiasm. You need to be able to convey to the recruiter your intense and deep interest in the subject you studied and the work you do.It is one thing to be good at something; it is another thing entirely to express why you are good at it and what the source of your desire is. Hiring managers want to know what ignites that fire in your belly, what makes you wake up every morning to go to work and do this f or a living. They want to know why you are so passionate and enthusiastic about the position.Though it can be easier to talk about professional achievements, you do not always need to talk about them to explain this. You can even talk about your younger days in school when you did things on the side to pursue your passions and learn more practical skills. You may have developed these skills later on and now want to apply them at the company you are applying to.You can also demonstrate your problem-solving prowess and your affinity to solve complex problems to help companies overcome any hurdle. No job is easy, but when you are passionate and enthusiastic about it and are not afraid to handle any situation, then recruiters will trust you.ExampleFor instance, if you are applying for a Sales position or a Marketing position, mention how you love to create advertising and branding of products to sell them to the public. Express how you relish communicating with people to convince them i nto buying goods. Talk about how you would sell several of your used goods on eBay while you were in college.Describe your skills of persuading people that your items and articles were very good. Talk about your earlier years when you were organizing garage sales and yard sales with your family. When you take the initiative to do things early, then it is perceived to be a sense of passion.Here is a paragraph you can write in your cover letter that tells a brief story of your passion.“I was always fascinated by Sales and Marketing, even when I was in high school. I volunteered at electronic retail stores and worked as a part-time sales rep to persuade customers into buying new gadgets. E.g. smartphones, GPS, and gaming consoles. As I am a millennial, I am in tune with the latest trends in tech and I can successfully convince people into making a purchase. I have a silver tongue and can use it very well for marketing your electronic products, as I did in the past. I am determined to sell; that is what gets me up in the morning”This brief story explains your passion for sales and marketing ever since you were in school, quite early in your life. It gives context on selling electronic goods, something that the company you are applying to also does.You mention your ability to convince people, a quality that all salespeople need to have. You have conveyed your passion and enthusiasm for both technology and marketing of goods. A hiring manager will really appreciate this.Exemplify Achievements and SkillsWe hope that in your resume, you mentioned your professional accomplishments in addition to your work responsibilities. Duties are not enough to set you apart from your competition. Your achievements in the workplace will make you different and better than everyone else. You stated your triumphs, now you need to provide context for them.In your cover letter, you need to explain how you went about attaining success in your previous endeavors. This is where you need to exemplify your successes.Besides achievements, you should also provide examples of excelling in your competencies. In your resume, you have listed several key skills that you are proficient in. Now you have the opportunity to give examples of actually putting your skills to good use. Show hiring managers how you used your skills effectively to get the job done.Show What You Can Offer RecruitersExemplifying the skills that you can offer companies is a major green light, as they will clearly understand what they will get when they hire you. When you can transfer your skills to match what the company is looking for, then you are appealing to the recruiters. That is the ultimate goal of the cover letter â€" to convince recruiters you have the right set of skills that will benefit the company.This is your selling point. Too many applicants focus on what they expect to receive from working at a company, but fail to see the bigger picture. What really matters is what the company will g ain from hiring you.You should be answering the question “What can I offer this company?” in your cover letter. Your examples of achievements and your robust skillset is what you are offering them. Be proud of them and flaunt them. Show hiring managers that you can deliver something great on day 1.Here is a great discussion on what recruiters want from cover letters and job candidates. Example 1You may be applying for a new public relations position to help a new company enhance their popularity and grow their online presence. You want the public to be informed of this company because you believe in what the company is doing. You possess years of experience establishing PR for previous clients who have grown massively in recent years. Describe your achievements that helped propel your clients in the past, and relate how you can do the same for this new company.Here is an example paragraph to exemplify your accomplishments.“I have accomplished a lot in my 8 years of experience as a public relations specialist. I worked for some of the biggest Fortune 500 companies, specializing in handling social media content. I created campaigns on Facebook and Twitter to spread the word of the company. The online ad campaigns on these social media platforms raised their customer base by over 100%, as younger people became more aware of their products/services. This ultimately raised revenue, making the companies even bigger. This is the 21st century, and I can manage your social media accounts to take your company to the number one position. I also want to add Snapchat alongside Facebook and Twitter in the ad campaign.”This is a very good example of describing the context of your accomplishments, as well as providing ideas of how to help the company you are applying to. You clearly stated the percentage increase in customer base of your PR efforts for previous companies, showing your success score.Recruiters love numbers. Hiring managers will see this and can picture you delivering similar results for their company. By explaining what you have achieved, recruiters believe that you can repeat your success and accomplish much more by working with them. You also expressed what you would do to help this company. This shows intent to already make a difference before you even begin working. Recruiters love this.Example 2In this next example, we will discuss how to explain your skills to recruiters to get them interested. For example, you are applying to an International Graduate Program at an engineering firm. They are looking for engineers who are proficient in programming and technical skills, but also possess soft skills.These soft skills include communication skills and knowledge of foreign languages. Possessing all of these skills will raise your chances of being hired, but demonstrating how you used these skills to your advantage will almost guarantee your job.Here is an example of exemplifying your skills to fit the job role.“I have plenty o f experience in using AutoCAD to design photomasks for creating sensors and using COMSOL Multiphysics to model and simulate sensors before fabricating them. With my critical reasoning skills, I was able to solve a difficult problem at my previous firm with an ingenious solution that was praised by my colleagues. Furthermore, I learned Spanish and French in school and still practice them with Duolingo. If you need me to conduct business with foreign clients, I am the right person for the job. I successfully presented several presentations of various products, which demonstrates my communication skills. With a combination of hard and soft skills, I would be a great addition to this program at your organization.”In this paragraph, you have provided examples of your proficiency in engineering software, something that the company wanted. You described your critical reasoning skills, a highly sought after skill by companies. You also expressed your proficiency in foreign languages.This is an added bonus to many multinational corporations these days since they conduct business with clients all over the world. You expressed your caliber of delivering presentations. This is evidence for your impeccable communication skills. You have successfully addressed all of the necessary skills required by the company. Hiring managers reading this will instantly understand how you used your skills before, and will use them again for their company.Share the Company’s GoalsSome hiring managers have been working at a company for years and they have settled in quite nicely in their working environment and corporate culture. They have embodied all the qualities of the company and now perfectly well when somebody else is able to adapt quickly when they join.You need to persuade your hiring manager that you are flexible and embody the same qualities that the company possesses. One of the best ways to do this is express your own goals and aligning it with the goals of the company. Tai lor your cover letter to the company so that it clicks with the hiring manager after reading it.Understand the Mission and VisionMake sure to conduct plenty of research on the company you are applying to. Read their mission and vision statements very carefully. There is a very good reason why organizations explicitly state them on their website or in their annual reports.Companies want people to get to know them and understand how they operate. Organizations lay out their plans to reach a goal and the steps they are taking to reach that destination.If you are able to express your own goals in your professional career in a manner that corresponds to the company’s, then the hiring manager will see that you are a good fit. Company culture is a very real and important thing that recruiters highly value.ExampleIn this example, we will look at how you can express your own goals in life to match that of the organization you are applying to. For instance, a company may have the following statements in their website that describes their core values.“Our purpose is to make sustainable living commonplace. We want to see a shift to renewable energy that will be beneficial to businesses, people, and our planet as a whole. We intend to improve the health of every single individual, by creating better monitoring systems for nutrition and hygiene. We plan to reduce our carbon footprint, making our environment cleaner. We are proud to be an equal opportunity employer, giving everybody from all social, economic, and ethnic groups an equal opportunity to achieve something amazing with us.”With all of this information, you can construct your own goals in your cover letter that align with this company’s vision and mission. Here is a sample response that you can write that matches the above statements.“I highly admire and respect your company wanting to create a world that relies entirely on renewable energy that is very environmental friendly. I care deeply about people and our planet and working at your firm, I will ensure that the health of people are put at the forefront. I want to pioneer new green sustainable energy concepts to make this company the number 1 renewable energy solutions provider. I particularly specialize in solar energy and wind energy, something your company is looking to expand. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, because I have the opportunity to share ideas with others who also provide various perspectives. Diversity leads to creativity and innovation, and I highly value a working culture that promotes diversity.”This paragraph describes how you appreciate the company’s vision of sustainable energy growth and desire to ensure proper health of people everywhere. You expressed your intention of propelling this company to the market leader position as a sustainable energy solutions provider.You stated how you want to work with solar and wind energy, two divisions that the company wants to expand. Recruiters seeing this will now have more incentive to hire you since you will be an integral part of those departments. You like working in a team environment and value every person’s input and opinion. A hiring manager reading that will immediately understand that you are a good team player and easy to get along with.Get PersonalIf you are applying to a company where the CEO or founder has a published book, please take the time to read it and understand their perspective. Dive deep into their mind and comprehend how they think and work and how that translates into their business. Working can be a very rewarding experience, something that you can learn from businesspeople who are in a managerial role.They have many ideas to share and you can learn a thing or two from them. Many CEOs and founders do not have books but instead have blogs and write regularly. Read them and see what makes them tick. When you understand what motivates somebody to wake up every day, then you can embody those sam e characteristics and convey them in your letter.Hiring managers know the CEOs and founders of the company very well. When they see that you have read their books or read their posts regularly, it shows that you are interested to learn from the very best in the industry. It shows intent that you want to work for this person at their organization. There is almost nothing more exciting than that feeling.CONCLUSIONIn this article, we touched upon the reasons for writing an exciting cover letter that will appeal to recruiters and how to go about writing one. Many companies these days seem to rely on resumes more than cover letters, but there are still companies that want to read a cover letter. You need to be fully prepared to write a cover letter that is tailored to the position and the company.After doing plenty of research, you will understand what the company is looking for and what the recruiter expects to read. You will then be able to write a letter that excites them and makes th em think, “I like this person.”Always use the right keywords, provide a hook to get hiring managers interested, tell a story to convey passion and enthusiasm, exemplify your achievements and skills, and do not forget to align your goals with those of the company’s. When you are able to successfully cover all these bases, then you will definitely excite any hiring manager reading your letter. You need to tailor it to make it stand out and appealing.

Essay about Public and Private Management - 1800 Words

Unlike many of the other writing assignments done thus far, this paper will be providing brief synopses for several essays on issues involved with the study of public management. Although it might be possible to state that the ideas and theories presented in these texts are either true or false, it will be the goal of this writing to take the simple approach and focus on the thoughts that are presented are still relevant in modern practice of public management. However, it is first important to point out that even today there is no aggregated view for weighing or measuring the success of public managers. This is because in part due to the various ways in which the agencies manage themselves, for example whether or not they chose to follow†¦show more content†¦In addition, he highlights several areas in which the academic thinkers were struggling with and arguing over. Allison point out everything from the similarities of â€Å"How are Public and Private Management Alike?,â €  to charting out the functions of general management, and to the ‘current’ research being done to answer several questions that these topics have been brought up since Woodrow Wilson now canonized first article on the subject (1979,p 397) (1887). Allison’s call for research in this field is still greatly needed and sought after today as we shift from one management style to another, seemingly distinctive, in today’s public agencies. One example of the reason that this research is needed can be found in comparing the resent style swing to the NPR, from the more ‘traditional’ management style outlines in Louis Brownlow, Charles E. Merriam, and Luther Gulick essay, â€Å"Report of the President’s Committee on Administrative Management† (1937). In their essay, they were working under the assumption that the management side of public administration could be, and was, separate from the political decisions and policies that directs the public service sector. Under this assumption, they crusaded for more power and control over the public management process, on the behave of the executive branch. Some of their ideas included allowing the president to hire powerless, sector concentrated,Show MoreRelatedPublic And Private Management : Are They Fundamentally Alike? 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The Police And Prosecutorial Bodies Essay - 2091 Words

There are groups in America that are discriminated against by the police and prosecutorial bodies. These tend to people that are in the minority when it comes to any classification (i.e. race, class, gender, etc.) This also gets worse if people fit into more than one minority group, like a poor, black male. While in a perfect world, everyone would get treated equally by the practices and the people that carryout these practices in the criminal justice system in America, this is sadly not the case. The police and the prosecutors’ offices in America both are to blame for discriminatory actions and practices in the criminal justice system in a variety of ways, mostly as the results of pressures from conflicts both within and between three major stakeholders; the community, the police, and the prosecutors and attorneys. Obviously, the fact that the United States has the largest decentralized police force means that no two police forces deal with the same situations in the same con texts day in and day out. This also is helped by the fact that the United States is so large in nature, and has a diverse population of over 300 million people. While all police try to prevent crime (impossible mandate), the ways they go about doing this are not always fair to every group of people. A great example of this is with Stop and Frisk in New York City. This policy was enacted in response to pressure from the community (which will be a later point in the paper) that allowed police to stopShow MoreRelatedEssay about forum3683 Words   |  3 Pagesconvicted of murdering his wife based on circumstantial evidence. Morton’s defense attorney was never told about, or given access to, the police report in which Morton’s three year old son had told police that his daddy had not killed his mommy. 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Silence Is Face Saved or Lost †an Cultural Study of Politeness Free Essays

Abstract The present paper focuses on silence; it is mainly dedicated to theory exploration. It firstly reviews major views of the notion of silence, namely its various norms and functions. Then it illustrates silence with examples as a polite means during conversations. We will write a custom essay sample on Silence: Is Face Saved or Lost – an Cultural Study of Politeness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally it summarizes that silence, as a nonverbal language, bears as many functions as speech, and sometimes it may bring about special results. Introduction When communication comes into question, in its broadest sense, two aspects catch most researchers’ eyes—speech and silence. Speech is a quite familiar subject, as when referred, communication is often specified on speech, while silence is more often than not a phenomenon which is out of awareness. As regards its strategies, communication can roughly fall into two parts—directness and indirectness, that is, the speaker can express something directly or indirectly. And to communicate successfully, we depend on both of the strategies and both of the tools, i. e. speech and silence. 2. Silence and Politeness 1. The Notion of Silence Silence has traditionally been regarded as delimiting the beginning and end of utterances, or taken simply for inaction in communicative settings, or as most researchers have defined, treated as merely background. As a matter of fact, silence plays a central importance in communicative settings. The appropriate understanding of the notion of silence can be achieved by the understanding of its various forms and functions. 2. 1. 1 Its Various Forms Silence takes various forms. The smallest unit of silence is the normally unnoticed cessation of sound in the production of consonants, which creates the pattern of consonants and vowels that makes â€Å"speech† of a vocal stream. Pausing follows and sometimes is perceived as hesitation and sometimes not perceived at all, within the stream of speech making up a speaker’s turn, and between speaker turns. The next level of silence includes pauses that are perceived in interaction such as lulls in conversation. Longer than this is the complete silence of one party to a conversation. The broadest level of silence is that which provides the structure and background against which talk is marked and meaningful merely by virtue of its occurrence. (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). 2. 1. 2 Its Functions Owing to varying levels, silence bears a range of functions. At one pole are the functions of pausing in cognitive processes, impression formation, and as part of communicative style partly responsible for cultural stereotyping. At the other pole are the functions of silence as the background against which talk has meaning, or as the nonverbal activity which structures interaction. This article mainly focus on silence itself as a communicative device in interaction; either obstructer or facilitator of divine inspiration, and a means of emotion management and display. Many researchers have discussed certain functions of silence: Bruneau (1973) has dealt with â€Å"interactive silences†, which include a broad array of functions, from defining the role of auditor in a communicative exchange, to providing social control, to demonstrating difference, to indicating emotional closeness, to managing personal interaction; Jensen (1973) has also categorizing its various functions as linkage, affection, revelation, judgment, and activation. 2. Silence and Politeness Silence, to some extent, is the extreme manifestation of indirectness. If indirectness is a matter of saying one thing and meaning another, silence can be a matter of saying nothing and meaning something. 1. Face-Saving View and Politeness In communication, people often mind their face, or to say, maintain their personal image. In their face-saving view, Brown and Levinson (1978) categorize face into â€Å"positive face† and â€Å"negative face†, define negative face (NF) as â€Å"basic claim to territories, personal preserves, rights to non-distraction—i. e. freedom of action and freedom from imposition†. Positive face (PF) refers to â€Å"the positive self-image that people have and want to be appreciated and approved of by at least some people†. The two complementary sides of face have been referred to as â€Å"distance vs. involvement†, â€Å"deference vs. solidarity†, and â€Å"autonomy vs. connectional face†. Politeness is activity serving to enhance, maintain or protect face. It consists in people’s rational interaction, preserving both sides of face for each other in intrinsically face-threatening acts (FTAs) by exercising various strategies. 2. Silence as a Polite Means As the extreme manifestation of indirectness, silence has two conflicting yet simultaneous views of silence: one positive, and one negative. The positive and negative valuation of silence is a facet of the inherent ambiguity of silence as a symbol. The ambiguity of silence can be seen to arise either from what is assumed to be evidenced or from what is assumed to be omitted. So silence is probably the most ambiguous of all linguistic forms. 2. 2. 2. 1 The Role in Communication Silence does both good and bad in communication. On the one hand, it is useful when one wants to be indirect or to be polite by leaving options. Silence gives the hearer time to think of a response to what has been said before, and it can be used as a conflict—avoidance strategy. It is easier to undo silence than it is to undo words. For example: A: We’ve received word that four Tanzanian acquaintances from out of town will be arriving tomorrow. But, with our large family, we have no room to accommodate them. (Implied request: â€Å"Would you help us out? ) B: [Silence; not accompanied by any distinctive gesture or facial expression] (Denial: â€Å"I don’t want to† or â€Å"I don’t have any room either†) A: What do you think? B: Yes, that is a problem. Were you able to finish that report we were working on this morning? The negative response in the cultural milieu in which this took place violated A’s expectation that guests would be welcomed, and frustrated his goal in initiating the conversation (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). Another example follows: A: Please marry me. B: [Silence; head and eyes lowered] (Acceptance) The exchange occurred between Japanese speakers. For the girl (B) to say anything would have been considered very inappropriate in this very emotional situation (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). If it had occurred between Igbo speakers, silence would be interpreted as denial if she continued to stand there and as acceptance if she ran away. A: Are you still mad at me? B: [Silence] (Affirmative) It is noteworthy that the silence here conveys a message precisely because it forms part of an interactional communicative structure. It does not deny or terminate the interaction which would require some other act, and so cooperatively invites interpretation. In each of these exchanges, speaker B selected silence from the possible repertoire of response forms available to convey his or her intended meaning. In a word, silence can be the positive means to prevent from employing some determinate expression, considering the place of silence in relation to other communicative structures. On the other hand, one’s failure to say something that is expected in a given moment by the other party can be interpreted as a sign of hostility or dumbness. . 2. 2. 2 Silence, Face-Saving View and Politeness Silence is seen as positive when taken as evidence of the existence of something positive underlying—for example, proper respect; the silence of the telephone when it represents solitude for creative work; the silence of, as the phrase expresses, â€Å"sweet silent thought†; and the silence of perfect rapport between intimates who do not have to exchange words. But silence is also seen as positive if assumed to represent the omission of something negative—â€Å"If you can’t say something nice, don’t say anything†. Silence becomes a bad thing if it seems to represent the existence of something negative—the silence of seething anger. But it is also negatively valued if it is assumed to represent the omission of something positive—the silence of the telephone when you are anxiously awaiting a particular telephone call; the omission of a greeting which constitutes being snubbed; inaction because appropriate action is not being taken. Hence, silence can be valued to have two benefits in rapport and defensiveness (Tannen and Saville-Troike, 1985). The rapport benefit comes from being understood without putting one’s meaning on record, so that understanding is seen not as the result of putting meaning into words—which presumably could be achieved with any two people who speak the same language—but rather as the greater understanding of shared perspective, experience and intimacy, the deeper sense of speaking the same language. This is the positive value of silence stemming from the existence of something positive underlying. The defensive value of silence comes from omitting to say something negative—not confronting potentially divisive information, or being able later to deny having meant what may not be received well. These two benefits can also be interpreted as connection and independence, the two overriding goals of human communication. The two goals can be referred to as the needs for deference or distance on the one hand and camaraderie on the other; or as positive face—the need to be approved of by others, and negative face—the need not to be imposed on by others. Ways of serving these needs, then, are positive and negative politeness. As is known, negative and positive politeness results from the paradoxical nature of interpersonal rapport. Connection is to be sought, because people need to be involved with others. But it is also to be avoided, as a threat to the integrity of the individual. The two benefits of silence determine that silence has a positive value as a way of serving negative politeness—not imposing on others. But silence can also have a negative value when it is seen as the failure of positive politeness—the need to be involved with others. Nonetheless silence can be seen as positive or negative by members of any culture, as it is measured against what is expected in that context. Then it may be interpreted as the observance of positive face or the observance of negative face. 3. Summary When speech is interpreted, it is not merely accounting for what can be said, but what can be said when, where, by whom, to whom, in what manner, and in what particular circumstances. It follows naturally that this line of inquiry must consider also who may not speak about what and in what situations, as well. Silence, as a nonverbal language, bears as many functions as speech, and sometimes it may bring about special results. It is not as simple as most people think. In different contexts, it can be interpreted as different meanings. Pragmatically speaking, this paper simply touches the notion of silence, and relates it with face-saving view and politeness. Silence may convey many underlying meanings in communicative settings. People resort to silence from the possible repertoire of response forms available to convey his or her intended meaning in order not to threaten others’ face for polite reason. How to cite Silence: Is Face Saved or Lost – an Cultural Study of Politeness, Papers

The Flu Epidemic F 1918 Essay Example For Students

The Flu Epidemic F 1918 Essay Walking down any given street in the year 1918 between the months of June and December, one would take notice of coffins lining the sidewalks. Nobody was on the streets, and dead bodies were stuffed into every available space. The Flu Epidemic of 1918 not only was the most devastating event of the twentieth century, but propelled the United States to search for a vaccine that has not yet been found, causing concern that the flu will strike again. Influenza has been around almost as long as people have walked the earth. Its roots draw back as far as 412 B.C., when a man named Hippocrates wrote of an uncontrollable outbreak of a disease that closely resembles influenza. This pandemic devastated an entire Athenian army, and has since occurred approximately every one hundred years (Persico 30). However, in 1918, influenza was somewhat different. It became popularly known as the Spanish influenza. This is slightly a misnomer because although it became widely known in Spain during the spring of 1918, it had been noticed on British army bases in France in 1917 (Carter 18). This new virus became extremely deadly in a short amount of time. Nobody could form a good reason as to why it had appeared. Scientists hypothesized that it came from poison gases formed from exploding ammunition, decomposing bodies, and carbon dioxide from trenches, which fused together, forming a toxic vapor (Persico 81). Because it had swept upon the world so q uickly, a cure was not available. The influenza of 1918 took people in a matter of days. A victim could be walking around feeling perfectly healthy one morning, be bedridden by nightfall, and have died before daybreak. Doctors were baffled, and gave vaccines that didnt work. When one doctor was asked what the vaccine contained of, he said the vaccines were just a soup made of blood and mucus of flu patients that had been filtered to get rid of large cells and debris (Kolata 23). We will write a custom essay on The Flu Epidemic F 1918 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This particular epidemic of influenza was proven to have existed before the breakout in Spain. It had made three waves during a two-year period. Each new assault became more infectious. Over twenty thousand people died in New York City alone, and the only country not affected, Australia, possesses strict quarantine regulations (Is another influenza pandemic coming soon?, 1997). The epidemic passed through army bases and boats among other countries before spreading through the United States. In fact, before influenza struck, it was ranked tenth behind heart disease, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cancer. On August 12, 1918, Mrs. Olsen became the first person to die of influenza, beginning the killing streak that would make influenza the number one killer (Persico 30). It spread like wildfire, with one person falling ill, followed by another, 107 by afternoon, 522 by the end of the week, and 1,127 suffering with 46 dead five weeks later.Nevertheless, these occurred before influenza was d iscovered, and pneumonia was blamed for deaths (Persico 28). There have been about 20 million reported deaths due to the influenza of 1918. The doctors were too overwhelmed by the many cases they had to care for, which brought about many unreported cases, causing this minuscule number.One fateful day in October 759 people died in Philadelphia (Kolata 19-20).The epidemic spread so far so fast that public officials became frantic looking for ways to fend off the virus. Arrests were made for spitting and coughing, public meetings were prohibited, and a series of medical procedures were all attempts to prevent the virus from entering victims lungs (Persico 83). This new influenza baffled researchers and doctors everywhere. Up to this point, all viral diseases has spread prominently throughout heavily populated areas and into the lungs of the very young, very old, or sickly. On the contrary, the Influenza of 1918 swept through the Midwest and preyed on the young and healthy. There was vi rtually nothing that could stop it, and at one point, over ten percent of Americas workforce was bedridden (Is AnotherSoon?, 1997).One newspaper ran an article stating what people could do to prevent acquiring influenza. Chew food carefully, avoid tight clothes, tight shoes, and tight gloves, and breathe as much fresh air as possible. Nothing worked (Persico 31). People walked through New York, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Hong Kong, and Tokyo with masks constructed of antiseptic white cotton over their mouths (Carter 19). Men were forced to line up before work each morning in order to get their throats sprayed with antiseptic in order to prevent the flu. While the war raged on, 2,700 men died in battle during a single week in October. That same week 21,000 Americans died of influenza in the United States (Persico 28). World War I took a total of 8.5 million lives during its entirety, but influenza eradicated more than 20 million. Nobody knows the true number, as many deaths were attributed to pneumonia, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and heart disease (Carter 19). For decades doctors have been in search of what caused the great Influenza Epidemic of 1918. Even more have dedicated their research to finding a cure for the next outbreak. Soon after the flu made its mysterious disappearance, it was discovered that while influenza reigned over America, numerous hog breeders found their pigs deathly ill. Scientists then revealed a connection between the sickness of the hogs and that of humans. It then became known as hog flu (Persico 81). Statistics were calculated. An average influenza killed fewer than 0.001% of those sickened. The flu of 1918 took 2.5%, and if it came about today, more than 1.5 million Americans will die. This would be more than heart disease, cancers, strokes, chronic pulmonary disease, AIDS, and Alzheimers disease all combined (Kolata 7). It swept across America in 120 days, and if it had not dispersed at the time it did, the entire hum an existence would have been wiped out in a matter of months. It has been proven that it easily could happen again. Two illnesses, from animal and human, had joined together to make a most deadly epidemic (Persico 85). The strands of influenza virus are held in the aquatic bird population, including gulls and ducks. Every 100 years it is transmitted to pigs, and then passed on to humans. The virus is still there, and it shows promise for returning again (Is AnotherSoon?, 1997). No other disease has mystified researchers as much as the influenza of 1918. Not only does it continue to lack a cure, it holds the record for its swiftness in taking over France, England, America, Russia, China, Japan, and India (Carter 19). In spite of this, scientists are striving to find a cure for the incurable, and research is proving to be worth the work. One man, Dr. Jeffery Taubenberger, researched dolphins as a living. A disease was being transmitted through the dolphin population, killing hundreds. Dr. Taubenberger helped to get RNA samples from the lungs of the dead animals, educating him on the processes of obtaining useable material out of dead tissue Kolata 202). Theoretically unconnected, in the autumn of 1918, a Private Vaughn complained of chills fever, headache, backache, and cough. This 21 year-old man died of influenza within a week (Sternberg, 1997). Recently the Defense Department has found his lungs, preserved perfectly in Washington for almost eighty years. It remains as the only useful sample of the deadly influenza virus left (Is AnotherSoon?, 1997). Upon his death, Private Vaughn was discovered to have about 1 cups of a clear fluid in his lungs. His left lung was covered with small blood blisters from the size of a pinhead to a dime or larger, and the air sacs were clogged with the same clear fluid (Kolata 29). This lung had suffered from massive bacterial pneumonia, although his right had not.Dr Taubenberger has broken down this tissue until only RNA remains (Sternberg, 1997). .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 , .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .postImageUrl , .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 , .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:hover , .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:visited , .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:active { border:0!important; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:active , .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4 .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6bd1c936ebced018c2a9f1e01075c3c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Crimes of Today EssayTaubenberger is now avid in the study of the Influenza Epidemic of 1918. He has found that the virus strand is made of eight pieces of RNA all fitted neatly in a protein coat. The tedious process of discovery has only allowed four of these strands to be looked at so far (Is AnotherSoon?, 1997). He has also compared five copies of these flu genes to nine other flu RNA fragments. It most closely resembles the swine flu. Luckily, these recent discoveries may help formulate a vaccine. This information will most likely lead to a suitable vaccination that will protect the human race (Sternberg, 1997).The breakthroughs throughout the years all began with Professor Wilson Smith, Sir Christopher H. Andrews, and Sir P.P. Laidlaw in 1933. They were the first people to transmit the human influenza to other mammals, including ferrets (Kolata 287).They were followed almost two decades later by British researchers. These scientists discovered that the virus entered the lungs through the nasal passages in 1943 when the electron microscope was invented. They also saw the actual virus for the first time-it was so small that 30 million would fit on the head of a pin. They realized that the virus held an amazing ability to change and rearrange its structure to survive and form new strains (Persico 85).Johan V. Hultin revealed in 1949 that influenza, as all other viruses, must enter the body in order to survive and replicate (Kolata 118). Kennedy Shortridge then suggested, which was proved years later, that the 1918 virus originated from birds and mutated over a period of fifty years. Over time it eventually infects the human population. It began again in 1976 in the pig population. However it was maintained under control and few, if any deaths were contributed to the swine flu (Kolata 296). The most recent occurrence happened in the summer of 1997. The infection, called H5N1, has always been carried in Hong Kong by aquatic birds, yet has not been known to directly infect a human. Unfortunately a three year-old boy caught the virus and died, without infecting anyone else. This caused for concern of an upcoming epidemic (Kolata 220). At this time there is a committee focusing on a reaction in case of an epidemic as serious as the one in 1918. They are debating issues such as whether or not to allow businesses and schools to open, how to provide care for house-bound victims, and whether masks should be worn to prevent transmission of bacteria, which may cause secondary infections. Worry is developing because there is no current plan to handle something this severe (Is AnotherSoon?, 1997)The 1918 Flu Epidemic not only was a traumatic experience for people suffering of the disease, but for everybody. Family members, friends, foes, and acquaintances all were prime choices for the flu to attack. It did not discriminate between race, religion, or sex. Everybody was affected and nobody was spared. Millions died as a result of a germ floating through the air and into the lungs of innocent people, and it is coming back.Scientists are working to find a cure, and are on the verge of a breakthrough, however they hope it will come in time. The world is not ready for another epidemic with the death rates of 1918. If it occurs before a vaccine is produced, human population will cease to exist. Works CitedCarter, Joseph. 1918 Year of Crisis, Year of Change. Toronto: Prentice Hall of Canada, Ltd. 1968. Is another influenza pandemic coming soon? Infectious Disease News. May 1997: SLACK Incorporated. 10Jan. 2001Kolata, Gina. Flu. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1999. Persico, Joseph E. American Heritage. Vol XXVII Dec. 1975-Oct. 1975. New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc. 1975. .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb , .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .postImageUrl , .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb , .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:hover , .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:visited , .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:active { border:0!important; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:active , .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1cd8b6d3841ff03f756c8fa4822d3dfb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love and Marriage EssaySternberg, S. A Doughboys Lungs Yield 1918 Flu Virus. Science News Online. 22 March 1997: Science Service. 4 Jan. 2001.